de Mihaela Rotaru<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\nDin ceea ce ne ofer\u0103 terenul, am remarcat o sensibilitate aparte la subiectul moartea, \u0219i aceasta indiferent de zona supus\u0103 cercet\u0103rii (ne referim \u00eendeosebi la partea de nord, nord-vest a Transilvaniei asupra c\u0103reia am z\u0103bovit). \u00cen cadrul acestei ample problematici, un loc deosebit \u00eel ocup\u0103 r\u00e2nduiala privind \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntarea sinuciga\u0219ilor, aspect pe care \u00eel vom supune acem aten\u021biei.<\/p>\n
\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, aceast\u0103 form\u0103 statornicit\u0103 o afl\u0103m din \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103tura Bisericii, dar ea ne este cunoscut\u0103 \u015fi transmis\u0103 nou\u0103 \u0219i de c\u0103tre majoritatea participan\u0163ilor la interviu, anume aceea conform c\u0103reia slujba \u00eenmorm\u00e2nt\u0103rii, s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fit\u0103 dup\u0103 un ritual redus, trebuie s\u0103 fie f\u0103cut\u0103 de c\u0103tre un singur preot, pe marginea gropii, nu \u00een biseric\u0103, preotul s\u0103 poarte numai epitrahilul, s\u0103 nu se trag\u0103 clopotele \u015fi s\u0103 nu se \u0163in\u0103 cuv\u00e2nt\u0103ri. (Dr\u0103goi, 2007: 45) De asemenea, \u00een satele cercetate se cunoa\u015fte c\u0103 Biserica, prin canoanele ei, nu opre\u015fte \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntarea sinuciga\u015filor dup\u0103 r\u00e2nduielile vechi, \u00een cazul \u201ec\u00e2nd se dovede\u015fte c\u0103 sinuciga\u015ful suferea de o boal\u0103 grea de nervi, care i-a anihilat judecata \u015fi i-a anihilat voin\u0163a\u201d. (Bunea, 2003: 199) \u201eOaminii care o fo omor\u00e2\u0163\u00ee de al\u0163\u00ee, cum o fo la noi di s-o tiet cu coasa [pentru p\u0103m\u00e2nt], no, aciie ajung \u00een rai, c\u0103 p\u0103catile le-o fo luate de cel care i-o omor\u00e2t, care le ie asupra lui. Coptiii neboteza\u0163\u00ee s\u0103 \u00eengroap\u0103 l\u00e2ng\u0103 cimitir, f\u0103r\u0103 cruce la cap, cu p\u0103catu str\u0103mo\u015fesc p\u0103st\u0103 ii. La prohod, nu li s\u0103 predic\u0103, nici iert\u0103ciunile nu s\u0103 fac, n-au ce iertare s\u0103-\u015fi cear\u0103\u201d. (Bon\u0163e Ana, Ban, S\u0103laj)
\nSinuciga\u015fii sunt asemui\u0163i, \u00een concep\u0163ia popular\u0103, lui Iuda Iscarioteanul, cu explica\u0163ia des amintit\u0103, de altfel, la data anchetei, c\u0103 sunt \u015fi ei tr\u0103d\u0103tori \u201ea lu Hristos \u015fi nu merit\u0103 o \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntare cre\u015ftineasc\u0103\u201d, unele informa\u0163ii converg \u00eenspre ideea c\u0103 sufletul lor este damnat la o r\u0103t\u0103cire ve\u015fnic\u0103, suspendat \u00eentre cele dou\u0103 lumi, sau la o pribegire care \u0163ine at\u00e2\u0163ia ani c\u00e2\u0163i ar mai fi trebuit s\u0103 tr\u0103iasc\u0103 pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt. Colectivitatea \u00eei consider\u0103 pe sinuciga\u015fi vinova\u0163i, \u00een consecin\u0163\u0103, abaterea voit\u0103 de la anumite legi, impuse de convie\u0163uirea \u00eentr-o comunitate, atrage dezaprobare \u015fi revolt\u0103 \u015fi, implicit, trasarea unui regim aparte, a \u00eengrop\u0103rii la marginea cimitirului sau \u201e\u00eent-on \u015fan\u0163\u201d, semn clar al dificilei agreg\u0103ri la lumea mor\u0163ilor, precum \u015fi cu participarea mai discret\u0103 a preotului, sau chiar absen\u0163a lui.
\nMaterialul de Arhiv\u0103 \u00eentrege\u0219te aceste contururi: \u201ePentru cel care s-a sp\u00e2nzurat nu se trag clopotele, el nu e \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat \u00ab\u00een temeteu\u00bb, ci \u00een afar\u0103. (…) Nu-l prohodesc. Nu \u015ftie dac\u0103 se d\u0103 poman\u0103 pentru cei care s-au sinucis\u201d. (Tx. mg. nr. 2108Ij, Inf. C\u0103prar Traian, 74 ani, C\u0103prar Floare, 63 ani, Fetindia, Culeg. Ion Talo\u015f, E. Petru\u0163iu, 13.02.1973) \u201eSinuciga\u015fii sunt \u00eenmorm\u00e2nta\u0163i tot \u00een cimitir, dar \u00abmai de-a l\u0103ture\u00bb. Sunt \u00eenmorm\u00e2nta\u0163i tot cu popa, dar nu li se face dezlegare\u201d. ( Tx. mg. nr. 2108IIb, Inf. C\u0103prar Traian, 74\u00a0 ani, C\u0103prar Floare, 63 ani, Fetindia, Culeg. Ion Talo\u015f, E. Petru\u0163iu, 13.02.1973) \u201eSinuciga\u015fii nu sunt \u00eengropa\u0163i \u00een temeteu, nu se trag clopotele dup\u0103 ei, \u00eei \u0163in l\u00e2ng\u0103 temeteu. Nu-i prohodesc\u201d. (Tx. mg. nr. 2109IIn, Inf. \u0162icu\u015f Maria, 50 ani, Drighiu, Culeg. Ion Talo\u015f, L. I\u015ftoc, 24.10.1972) \u201eSinuciga\u015fii sunt \u00eengropa\u0163i \u00abde-al\u0103ture\u00bb, nu \u00eentre mor\u0163\u00ee obi\u015fnui\u0163i. Tot acolo sunt \u00eengropa\u0163i \u015fi poc\u0103i\u0163ii. \u00abP\u00e2ntu ce nu s-o l\u0103sat acole s\u0103-\u015fi plineasc\u0103 via\u0163a c\u00e2t\u0103 i-o curuit Dumnezo alduitu\u00bb. Nici \u00abclopotile n-ar hi sclobod s\u0103 trag\u0103 dup\u0103 di-aciia\u00bb. Nici popa n-ar avea voie s\u0103-l prohodesc\u0103. Acelora le face popa un scurt prohod, dar nu le face dezlegare\u201d. (Tx. mg. nr. 2110IIf, Inf. Alb Veronica, Mese\u015fenii de Sus, Culeg. Ion Talo\u015f, 15.02.1973)
\nDin profilul schi\u021bat, reiese c\u0103 pozi\u0163ia periferic\u0103 a acestora este perpetuat\u0103 pe calea tradi\u0163iei, al\u0103turi de alte obiceiuri, surprinz\u0103toare prin vechimea lor, \u00een ciuda simbolisticii noi pe care au adoptat-o adesea \u00een context contemporan. Ne re\u0163in aten\u0163ia considera\u0163iile lui Arnold van Gennep, care arunc\u0103 o lumin\u0103 \u00een plus asupra aspectelor pe care le avem \u00een discu\u0163ie: \u201eindivizii pentru care nu s-au executat rituri funerare, la fel ca \u015fi copiii neboteza\u0163i, cei ce nu au primit nume sau au r\u0103mas neini\u0163ia\u0163i sunt sorti\u0163i unei existen\u0163e jalnice, f\u0103r\u0103 a putea vreodat\u0103 s\u0103 p\u0103trund\u0103 \u00een lumea mor\u0163ilor sau s\u0103 fie agrega\u0163i la societatea lor. Sunt mor\u0163ii cei mai periculo\u015fi, ei ar dori s\u0103 revin\u0103 \u00een lumea celor vii \u015fi, neput\u00e2nd s-o fac\u0103, se comport\u0103 ca ni\u015fte str\u0103ini ostili. Lipsindu-le mijloacele de subzisten\u0163\u0103 pe care mor\u0163ii le g\u0103sesc \u00een lumea lor, trebuie s\u0103 \u015fi le procure pe socoteala celor vii. Mai mult, mor\u0163ii f\u0103r\u0103 ad\u0103post au adesea o dorin\u0163\u0103 aprig\u0103 de r\u0103zbunare. Astfel, riturile funerare sunt, \u00een acela\u015fi timp, rituri utilitare cu b\u0103taie lung\u0103: ele \u00eei ajut\u0103 pe supravie\u0163uitori s\u0103 scape de du\u015fmanii lor eterni\u201d. (Van Gennep, 1996: 143)
\nPentru c\u0103 nu se \u00eenscriu \u00een sfera obiectivului demersului de fa\u0163\u0103, nu ne vom opri aici asupra amplelor comentarii \u015fi pove\u015fti comunicate de participan\u0163ii la interviu, create pe marginea unor astfel de cazuri speciale. Re\u021binem, \u00eens\u0103, din consisten\u021ba lor ideatic\u0103 doar esen\u021ba, faptul c\u0103 Dumnezeu d\u0103 via\u021ba, doar el are dreptul s\u0103 o ia. Via\u021ba este o lupt\u0103, o cale a crucii, de la na\u0219tere, p\u00e2n\u0103 la moarte. Datoria noastr\u0103 este s\u0103 o ducem demn p\u00e2n\u0103 la cap\u0103t. Din fa\u0219\u0103, dup\u0103 unele afirma\u021bii, chiar din p\u00e2ntece sau din momentul conceperii, fiin\u021ba uman\u0103 poart\u0103 amprenta mor\u021bii. C\u00e2nd \u00eenc\u0103 nu ne-am n\u0103scut, noi deja am \u0219i \u00eenceput s\u0103 murim. Cinic \u0219i deconcertant totodat\u0103, dar, p\u0103trunz\u00e2nd ad\u00e2nc \u00een \u00een\u021belepciunea mai vechilor tipare de g\u00e2ndire, vom constata cu uluire adev\u0103rul, m\u0103car \u00een parte, fiecare \u00een func\u021bie de propriile-i disponibilit\u0103\u021bi, fiecare dup\u0103 cum poate \u0219i vrea s\u0103 \u00eel accepte.
\nAcceptarea, resemnarea, iat\u0103 un alt aspect problematic, demn de luat \u00een discu\u021bie – participan\u021bii la investiga\u021biile noastre s-au ar\u0103tat, contrar a\u0219tept\u0103rilor, foarte genero\u0219i \u00een a oferi nuan\u021bate perspective asupra acestor complexe coordonate, dovedindu-se, \u00eenc\u0103 o dat\u0103, extrem de receptivi c\u00e2nd vine vorba de moarte. Moartea nu este, \u00eens\u0103, interpretat\u0103… medical, \u201ec\u0103 o perit de diabet, de cancer, de accident, de paralizie, c-o stat p\u0103 pat, c\u0103 bug\u0103te boli, ci o murit c\u0103… i s-o g\u0103tat z\u00e2lile\u201d. (Hanc Leti\u021bia, Livada, Cluj) Interpret\u0103rile, s\u0103 le spunem, medicale, au fost numite \u201emoderne\u201d, \u201eor\u0103\u0219ene\u0219ti\u201d; celelalte, cu num\u0103rul zilelor g\u0103tate, cu t\u0103ierea firului vie\u021bii, cu p\u0103catul originar, cu isp\u0103\u0219irea p\u0103catelor, cu m\u00e2nierea lui Dumnezeu sau cu \u201eat\u00e2ta c\u00e2t ni-i scris\u201d (explica\u021bile pot continua), duc invariabil la credin\u021ba \u00eentr-un destin. Puternic, implacabil, mai presus de om.
\nC\u00e2t prive\u0219te sinuciga\u0219ii, putem spune c\u0103 st\u00e2rnesc nu numai nedumerire, mil\u0103, compasiune, ci, \u00een mod paradoxal, o anume revolt\u0103, \u00eentruc\u00e2t colectivitatea s\u0103teasc\u0103 nu uit\u0103, nu iart\u0103. Genera\u021bii \u00eentregi se \u0219tie despre un astfel de caz, sate multe distan\u021b\u0103 vuiesc c\u00e2nd se aude despre o moarte \u201enenatural\u0103\u201d. Statutul lor este unul diferit de cel al mor\u021bilor de \u201emoarte bun\u0103\u201d, \u0219i aceasta se vede clar din felul \u0219i locul \u00een care sunt \u00eengropa\u021bi, din reac\u021bia \u0219i din atitudinea colectivit\u0103\u021bii fa\u021b\u0103 de o astfel de realitate. Cutremur\u0103tor, zguduitor din temelile fiin\u021bei, dar adev\u0103rat \u2013 adev\u0103rat c\u0103 cei care cred c\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i \u201e\u00eencheie brusc socotelile cu via\u021ba\u201d nu \u0219i le \u00eencheie niciodat\u0103 cu… prejudec\u0103\u021bile \u0219i cu asprimea unor norme, coduri de valoare, principii, legi nescrise, dar neiert\u0103toare, apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unei societ\u0103\u021bi consecvente \u0219i ne\u00eenduplecate, care nu accept\u0103 compromisuri \u0219i nici abateri de la normele de conduit\u0103 cimentate de-a lungul secolelor.<\/p>\n
\n <\/p>\n
BIBLIOGRAFIE<\/p>\n
BUNEA, Ioan
\n2003 Rosturi \u00een eternitate. Cuv\u00e2nt de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103tur\u0103\u00a0 la botez, cununie \u015fi \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntare, Ed. Limes, Cluj-Napoca
\nDR\u0102GOI, Florin
\n2007 \u00cenmorm\u00e2ntarea \u015fi pomenirile pentru cei adormi\u0163i, Ed. Partener, Gala\u0163i
\nVAN GENNEP, Arnold
\n1996 Riturile de trecere, Ed. Polirom, Ia\u015fi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
de Mihaela Rotaru Din ceea ce ne ofer\u0103 terenul, am remarcat o sensibilitate aparte la subiectul moartea, \u0219i aceasta indiferent de zona supus\u0103 cercet\u0103rii (ne referim \u00eendeosebi la partea de nord, nord-vest a Transilvaniei asupra c\u0103reia am z\u0103bovit). \u00cen cadrul acestei ample problematici, un loc deosebit \u00eel ocup\u0103 r\u00e2nduiala privind \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntarea sinuciga\u0219ilor, aspect pe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[55,1005],"tags":[1120,1165,957],"class_list":["post-10050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articole","category-egophobia-39-40","tag-articole","tag-egophobia-39-40","tag-mihaela-rotaru"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6DakB-2C6","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10050","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10050"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10050\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10051,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10050\/revisions\/10051"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}