{"id":13117,"date":"2020-09-04T08:25:29","date_gmt":"2020-09-04T06:25:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=13117"},"modified":"2021-09-04T11:46:19","modified_gmt":"2021-09-04T09:46:19","slug":"recuperarea-existentialismului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=13117","title":{"rendered":"Recuperarea existen\u021bialismului"},"content":{"rendered":"

o istorie de buzunar<\/span><\/p>\n

de Ana-Maria Negril\u0103<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0218tefan Bolea<\/a> \u0219i-a construit cartea, Existen\u021bialismul ast\u0103zi<\/em> (Eikon, 2019), pornind de la teza sa de doctorat, coordonat\u0103 de profesorul Andrei Marga. Spre deosebire de alte lucr\u0103ri ale sale, \u00een care preocuparea se \u00eendreapt\u0103 spre nihilism \u0219i modurile acestuia de exprimare \u00een literatur\u0103 \u0219i art\u0103, Ontologia nega\u021biei<\/em> (2004), Introducere \u00een nihilismul nietzschean<\/em>, (2012), Theoria<\/em>, (2015), Biblia nihilist\u0103<\/em> (2017), Existen\u021bialismul ast\u0103zi<\/em> urm\u0103re\u0219te acest curent prin manifest\u0103rile lui specifice, acoperind astfel o lacun\u0103 \u00een cultura rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, interesat\u0103 \u00een special de postmodernism \u0219i mai pu\u021bin de o analiz\u0103 din punct de vedere existen\u021bialist a unor opere.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Obiectivele ambi\u021bioase ale acestei c\u0103r\u021bi vizeaz\u0103 construirea unei imagini a existen\u021bialismului folosind interpretarea diferitelor sale defini\u021bii, considerate ca tot at\u00e2tea elemente ale \u00eentregului, \u00een \u00eencercarea de a-l descifra pe acesta prin manifest\u0103rile lui. O compara\u021bie \u00eentre existen\u021bialism \u0219i nihilism \u2013 acest oaspete care a p\u0103truns pe nea\u0219teptate \u00een lume, for\u021b\u00e2nd existen\u021bialismul s\u0103 coabiteze cu el \u2013 scoate la lumin\u0103 elemente antagonice primare \u00een rela\u021bia lor: pentru existen\u021bialism,\u00a0 moartea este privit\u0103 din perspectiva vie\u021bii, <\/em>pentru nihilism via\u021ba este privit\u0103 din perspectiva mor\u021bii, <\/em>sau existen\u021bialismul presupunere ca omul s\u0103-\u0219i ia existen\u021ba \u00een m\u00e2ini, s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i tr\u0103iasc\u0103 \u0219i organizeze via\u021ba \u2013 fiind opus al unei st\u0103ri de somnambulism \u00een care subiectul r\u0103t\u0103ce\u0219te \u00een mijlocul unui pustiu. Autorul \u00eensu\u0219i \u00eei recunoa\u0219te importan\u021ba, observ\u00e2nd pertinent c\u0103 existen\u021bialismul ar trebui s\u0103 fie privit cu mai mult interes \u00een ciuda faptului c\u0103 diziden\u021ba<\/em> \u0219i lipsa lui de unitate <\/em>\u00eel fac greu de\u00a0 identificat cu un singur curent\/grup\/autor\/lucrare:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Filozofia existen\u021bial\u0103 ar trebui studiat\u0103, a\u0219a cum am spus, ca o introducere \u00een filozofia contemporan\u0103 (cot la cot cu postmodernismul, pentru c\u0103 avem o pre-\u00een\u021belegere a postmodernismului prin \u00eens\u0103\u0219i imersarea \u00een via\u021ba \u0219i societatea contemporan\u0103), av\u00e2nd o eficien\u021b\u0103 sporit\u0103 ca recuperare (sau ca o ie\u0219ire din convalescen\u021b\u0103) dup\u0103 jocurile de g\u00e2ndire ale filozofiei hiper-intelectualiste academice, ce a pierdut contactul cu existen\u021ba nemijlocit\u0103.(p.39)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Al doilea obiectiv al acestei c\u0103r\u021bi \u00eel constituie analiza preceden\u021bei existen\u021bei asupra esen\u021bei<\/em> la Sartre \u0219i replica lui Heidegger. Sartre consider\u0103 c\u0103 \u0219i \u00een cazul absen\u021bei lui Dumnezeu exist\u0103 o fiin\u021b\u0103 a c\u0103rei existen\u021b\u0103 precede esen\u021ba, iar aceast\u0103 fiin\u021b\u0103 este omul, \u00een timp ce la Heidegger existen\u021ba, Dasein-ului (fiin\u021barea), const\u0103 \u00een existen\u021ba sa.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 R\u0103sturnarea existen\u021bialist\u0103 ce arat\u0103 c\u0103 individul precede genul \u0219i c\u0103 particularizarea existen\u021bial\u0103 e \u00een raport de anterioritate fa\u021b\u0103 de universalizarea ei constat\u0103 c\u0103 Dasein-ul este un transcendens, ce prin proiectul s\u0103u existen\u021bial este mereu \u00eenaintea sa \u0219i care l\u0103rge\u0219te conturul speciei cu tr\u0103s\u0103turile lui individuale. (p.70)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Al treilea obiectiv este analiza conflictului dintre umanismul existen\u021bial de factur\u0103 special\u0103 \u0219i antiumanismul postmodern, cu accent pe cel nihilist, care spre deosebire de cel sartrian, care \u00eei d\u0103 omului putere asupra existen\u021bei sale, \u00eel distruge pe acesta al\u0103turi de Dumnezeu (nihilismul lautr\u00e9amontian). Originile antiumanismului nihilist sunt identificate \u00eentr-un text al lui Nietzsche \u00een care umanitatea, fiind caracterizat\u0103 prin insignifian\u021b\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba vastelor spa\u021bii ale universului, trebuie s\u0103 dispar\u0103. Nihilismul neag\u0103 autoritatea, este anti-autoritarist, anti-funda\u021bional, \u00een timp ce pentru adep\u021bii lui nu conteaz\u0103 credin\u021bele, legile, obiceiurile sociale, a\u0219a cum observ\u0103 \u0219i Bazarov, personajul lui Ivan Turgheniev, din romanul P\u0103rin\u021bi \u0219i copii<\/em> (1862).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ultimele dou\u0103 obiective se ocup\u0103 de trei concepte fundamentale: autenticitate, moarte \u0219i angoas\u0103, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu definirea angoasei \u0219i analizarea rela\u021biei sale cu curajul, frica, neantul. Acestea sunt discutate pe larg pornind de la interpretarea psihologic\u0103 a angoasei la Kierkegaard, a diferen\u021bei dintre aceasta \u0219i fric\u0103 (ultima av\u00e2nd \u00eentotdeauna la baz\u0103 un obiect), \u0219i \u00eencheind cu modul \u00een care unul dintre avatarurile filosofului danez, Virgilius Haufniensis, explic\u0103 mitul Genezei prin perspectiva angoasei generate de p\u0103catul originar.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Defini\u021bia noastr\u0103 se bazeaz\u0103 tocmai pe aceast\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 final\u0103: angoasa este un afect meontologic, care vizeaz\u0103 nu numai fiin\u021ba, c\u00e2t \u0219i nimicul ce irumpe din s\u00e2nul ei. (p.116)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u0218tefan Bolea merge mai departe analiz\u00e2nd leg\u0103tura \u00eentre angoas\u0103 \u0219i fric\u0103 la Heidegger, angoas\u0103 \u0219i neant la Sartre, \u0219i angoas\u0103 \u0219i curaj (angoasa golului interior \u0219i a lipsei de sens) la Tillich, observ\u00e2nd tendin\u021ba uman\u0103 de \u00eenlocuire a angoasei cu frica pentru a o putea contracara, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere faptul c\u0103 ultima are la baz\u0103 un obiect \u00eempotriva c\u0103ruia se poate lupta.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00cen concluzie, cele trei concepte prezentate pe larg \u00een acest volum: angoasa, moartea \u0219i autenticitatea, c\u00e2t \u0219i discutarea existen\u021bialismului \u00een contextul altor curente, nihilismul \u0219i postmodernismul, \u00eencerc\u0103 s\u0103 creeze un portret al acestuia, pe de-o parte, iar pe de alta, \u00eentregul efort meritoriu al autorului se \u00eendreapt\u0103 spre sincronizarea studiilor asupra existen\u021bialismului \u2013 ignorat \u00een Rom\u00e2nia post-decembrist\u0103 \u2013\u00a0 cu cercetarea din Occident.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

o istorie de buzunar de Ana-Maria Negril\u0103 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0218tefan Bolea \u0219i-a construit cartea, Existen\u021bialismul ast\u0103zi (Eikon, 2019), pornind de la teza sa de doctorat, coordonat\u0103 de profesorul Andrei Marga. Spre deosebire de alte lucr\u0103ri ale sale, \u00een care preocuparea se \u00eendreapt\u0103 spre nihilism \u0219i modurile acestuia de exprimare \u00een literatur\u0103 \u0219i art\u0103, Ontologia nega\u021biei (2004), […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,1435,1298],"tags":[1255,1113,1436,1301,39],"class_list":["post-13117","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-critica","category-egophobia-64","category-o-istorie-de-buzunar","tag-ana-maria-negrila","tag-critica","tag-egophobia-64","tag-o-istorie-de-buzunar","tag-stefan-bolea"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6DakB-3pz","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13117","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13117"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13117\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13746,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13117\/revisions\/13746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13117"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13117"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}