\u00a0de Oliviu Cr\u00e2znic<\/p>\n
\u00cen toate \u00eendrumarele stilistice, g\u0103sim enumerate calit\u0103\u021bile generale ale stilului literar \u2013 enumerare din cuprinsul c\u0103reia nu lipse\u0219te niciodat\u0103 claritatea stilului<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Cuv\u00e2ntul \u201eroman\u201d<\/strong>, scris ori pronun\u021bat \u00een afara unui context ori plasat \u00eentr-un context lipsit de l\u0103muriri suplimentare (a se vedea, de pild\u0103, titlul prezentelor considerente), nu permite identificarea unui \u00een\u021beles (iat\u0103, nimeni nu poate \u0219ti, \u00eenc\u0103, dac\u0103 obiectul analizei noastre \u00eel constituie cet\u0103\u021beanul Romei<\/strong> ori<\/strong> specia literar\u0103 epic\u0103<\/strong>!).<\/p>\n Nu este vorba, fire\u0219te, despre un caz singular \u00een lingvistica rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, dar este, dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 demonstr\u0103m, un caz \u00een care omonimia este nejustificat\u0103 \u0219i d\u0103un\u0103toare.<\/p>\n De altfel, omonimia<\/strong> \u00een general conduce<\/strong>, \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit, la confuzii<\/strong>, uneori \u0219ocante (EG: \u201eMontesquieu a scris Un roman e pistolar<\/em>\u201d), la<\/strong> repeti\u021bii sup\u0103r\u0103toare<\/strong>[1] (EG: \u201ePersonajul principal al romanului este un roman din provincia Britannia\u201d) \u0219i<\/strong>, nu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd, la<\/strong> s\u0103r\u0103cie lexical\u0103<\/strong> \u2013 motive suficiente pentru a o evita \u00een cursul procesului de \u00eembog\u0103\u021bire lingvistic\u0103 [2].<\/p>\n Deosebit de interesant este faptul c\u0103 nici poporul francez, de la care am preluat denumirea acestei specii literare epice \u0219i care a p\u0103strat distinc\u021bia \u201eroman\u201d\/\u201eromain\u201d<\/strong>, nici alte popoare de origine latin\u0103 (italienii au \u201eromanzo\u201d\/\u201eromano\u201d<\/strong>, spaniolii \u2013 \u201erom\u00e1n\u201d sau \u201eromance\u201d\/\u201eromano\u201d<\/strong>, portughezii \u2013 \u201eromance\u201d\/\u201eromano\u201d<\/strong>), nu se confrunt\u0103 cu acest conflict omonimic.<\/p>\n Tot astfel, nici noi nu ne confruntam cu respectivul conflict omonimic \u2013 \u00een trecutul deja cam \u00eendep\u0103rtat, adic\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd circulau, pe meleagurile noastre, formele \u201eroman\u021b\u201d<\/strong> \u0219i \u201eromans\u201d<\/strong>. \u201eForma cea ma\u012d bun\u0103 ar fi roman\u021b<\/em>, pl. ur\u012d<\/em> sa\u016d e<\/em>, cum s\u2019a \u0219i zis la \u00eenceput (dup\u0103 it. romanzo<\/em>)\u201d, spunea A. Scriban, \u00een excelentul s\u0103u Dic\u021bionaru limbii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti<\/em> din 1939. \u00cens\u0103 \u0219i aceste dou\u0103 forme ridic\u0103 probleme incontestabile: prima form\u0103, prin prea marea apropiere de \u201eroman\u021b\u0103\u201d (specie literar\u0103 liric\u0103, \u00eenchinat\u0103 sentimentalismului de inspira\u021bie erotic\u0103) \u0219i prin conota\u021bia peiorativ\u0103[3] dob\u00e2ndit\u0103 \u00een timp, iar a doua form\u0103, prin prea marea apropiere de un element de jargon ap\u0103rut relativ recent (prin urmare, \u0219i problema subsecvent\u0103 este una care nu exista \u00eenainte), anume \u201eromglezescul\u201d \u201eromance\u201d (etichet\u0103 aplicat\u0103, incorect[4], operelor de art\u0103 \u2013 literare, cinematografice etc. \u2013 \u00eenchinate aceluia\u0219i sentimentalism de inspira\u021bie erotic\u0103).<\/p>\n Nu putem s\u0103 nu remarc\u0103m, totodat\u0103, haosul lingvistic (\u0219i consecin\u021bele acestuia) creat \u00een familia lexical\u0103<\/strong> a \u201eromanului\u201d<\/strong> tocmai \u00een scopul de a se evita confuziile: avem \u201eromanc<\/em>ier\u201d<\/strong> (nu \u201eromanist\u201d, cum ar fi fost firesc, dup\u0103 modelul \u201enuvel\u0103\u201d \u2013 \u201enuvelist\u201d, de exemplu), \u201ea roman\u021b<\/em>a\u201d<\/strong> (nu \u201ea romaniza\u201d, aici p\u0103str\u00e2ndu-se forma desprins\u0103 din \u201eroman\u021b<\/em>\u201d), \u201eromant<\/em>ic\u201d<\/strong> (nu \u201eromanic\u201d) etc.<\/p>\n Respectivul scop nu a fost, fire\u0219te, atins (nici nu putea fi atins, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere modul nesistematic \u00een care s-a procedat) \u2013 dimpotriv\u0103. Utilizarea verbului \u201ea roman\u021ba\u201d, de pild\u0103, provoac\u0103 deseori confuzii prin faptul c\u0103 \u00een\u021belesul \u00eei este raportat, \u00een mod eronat, la \u201eroman\u021b\u0103\u201d, c\u00e2nd, de fapt, \u00een\u021belesul trebuie s\u0103 \u00eei fie raportat la \u201eroman(\u021b)\u201d: o \u201ebiografie roman\u021bat\u0103\u201d nu este o \u201ebiografie sentimental-erotic\u0103\u201d, este o biografie c\u0103reia autorul i-a ad\u0103ugat detalii imaginare, transform\u00e2nd-o \u00een \u201eroman\u201d. Tot astfel, adjectivului \u201eromantic\u201d \u00eei este deseori atribuit, \u00een mod eronat (prin confuzia cu adjectivul \u201eroman\u021bios\u201d), un \u00een\u021beles raportat la sentimentalismul de inspira\u021bie erotic\u0103, c\u00e2nd, de fapt, \u00een\u021belesul trebuie s\u0103 \u00eei fie raportat la esen\u021ba curentului literar romantic, \u201eromantic\u201d \u00eensemn\u00e2nd, prin urmare, \u201eextraordinar\u201d, \u201ede poveste\u201d, \u0219i nu \u201ede dragoste\u201d.<\/p>\n O rezolvare destul de simpl\u0103 a problemelor enumerate mai sus ne-o ofer\u0103 tot investiga\u021bia etimologic\u0103, pun\u00e2ndu-ne la dispozi\u021bie forma medieval\u0103 (prezent\u0103 at\u00e2t \u00een graiul vechilor francezi, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een graiul vechilor englezi; variant\u0103: \u201eromaunt\u201d) \u201eromant\u201d<\/strong> (pl. rom. \u201eromanturi\u201d, pentru a evita aceea\u0219i nedorit\u0103 confuzie cu \u201eroman\u021be\u201d). De altfel, aceast\u0103 form\u0103 o \u00eent\u00e2lnim \u0219i \u00een literatura rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 veche \u2013 de pild\u0103, \u00een Viia\u021ba lui Bertoldo \u0219i a lui Bertoldino, feciorului lui dimpreun\u0103 \u0219i a lui Cacasino, nepotului lui<\/em>, \u201eromant\u201d tip\u0103rit la Sibiu, \u00een anul 1799.<\/p>\n Avem, a\u0219adar, o concordan\u021b\u0103 prestabilit\u0103 cu \u201eromant<\/em>ic\u201d<\/strong> (cu referire la curentul literar respectiv, caracterizat prin extraordinarul subiectelor abordate; cu referire la sentimentul de dragoste, consider\u0103m c\u0103 trebuie p\u0103strat\u0103 forma \u201eroman\u021b<\/em>ios\u201d, apar\u021bin\u00e2nd familiei lexicale a substantivului \u201eroman\u021b<\/em>\u0103\u201d).<\/p>\n C\u00e2t despre restul familiei lexicale, nimic mai u\u0219or dec\u00e2t o alc\u0103tuire unitar\u0103 a acesteia: \u201eromant<\/em>ist\u201d<\/strong>, \u201ea romant<\/em>iza\u201d<\/strong> etc.<\/p>\n Nu avem, fire\u0219te, naivitatea de a ne a\u0219tepta s\u0103 producem, prin prezentul articol, un reviriment lexical. Inten\u021bion\u0103m, totu\u0219i, s\u0103 \u00eencerc\u0103m, pe c\u00e2t ne st\u0103 \u00een puteri, popularizarea formei propuse (\u201eromant\u201d), \u00eendemn\u00e2nd, totodat\u0103, pe reprezentan\u021bii lumii literare s\u0103 se str\u0103duiasc\u0103 s\u0103 contribuie, cu to\u021bii, la asanarea (sau m\u0103car la protejarea) tezaurului lexical rom\u00e2nesc (afectat, dup\u0103 cum tocmai am ar\u0103tat, \u0219i de unele decizii nefericite din trecut, dar, mai grav, aflat, \u00een prezent, sub un asediu care nu poate fi numit altfel dec\u00e2t \u201esistematic\u201d, \u00eenceput prin intermediul DOOM2 \u0219i amplificat, de cur\u00e2nd, cu ajutorul DOOM3).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n # Note<\/p>\n [1] \u00cen ciuda unei opinii, din nefericire larg r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite \u00een ultima vreme, repeti\u021biile nu sunt \u00eentotdeauna sup\u0103r\u0103toare.<\/p>\n \u00cen fapt, repeti\u021biile sunt, de (foarte) multe ori, (absolut) necesare, contribuind la men\u021bionata claritate a stilului ori av\u00e2nd un rol chiar mai important, anume acela de figur\u0103 de stil.<\/p>\n Rezultatul evit\u0103rii obsesive a repeti\u021biilor este, de regul\u0103, un text nelivresc (dac\u0103 nu cumva de-a dreptul incoerent).<\/p>\n Repeti\u021biile devin sup\u0103r\u0103toare numai atunci c\u00e2nd sunt utilizate \u00een mod inutil ori prea des, ori c\u00e2nd, precum \u00een exemplul dat aici, creeaz\u0103 un \u201eEfect Ouroboros\u201d.<\/p>\n [2] Fire\u0219te, cu mai mult sau cu mai pu\u021bin efort, pot fi evitate confuziile, repeti\u021biile etc., \u00een ciuda omonimiei.<\/p>\n Dar acest (nu \u00eentotdeauna \u201emai pu\u021bin\u201d) efort trebuie depus, practic, (aproape) de fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd este utilizat un cuv\u00e2nt care \u201ebeneficiaz\u0103\u201d de un omonim, pe c\u00e2nd un cuv\u00e2nt format \u00eentr-un mod adecvat (av\u00e2ndu-se, prin urmare, grij\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 nu se creeze omonimie) presupune o singur\u0103 \u201esfor\u021bare\u201d (ini\u021bial\u0103, \u00een cadrul procesului de formare a cuv\u00e2ntului respectiv).<\/p>\n \u00cen cazul unui cuv\u00e2nt deja larg (aproape unanim) r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u0219i acceptat, efortul \u00eenlocuirii\/modific\u0103rii acestuia devine semnificativ, dar r\u0103m\u00e2ne justificat \u0219i, totodat\u0103, dezirabil, nu doar prin beneficiile punctuale viitoare, ci \u0219i, mai cu seam\u0103, \u00een virtutea respect\u0103rii (\u0219i ciment\u0103rii) unui principiu lingvistic de baz\u0103: norma trebuie s\u0103 determine uzul, nu uzul trebuie s\u0103 determine norma.<\/p>\n [3] Unii teoreticieni chiar utilizeaz\u0103 distinc\u021bia \u201eroman\u201d (\u201eserios\u201d)\/\u201eroman\u021b\u201d (\u201eu\u0219urel\u201d) \u2013 probabil, sub influen\u021ba teoriei literare anglo-saxone, \u00een cadrul c\u0103reia se face distinc\u021bia \u201enovel\u201d\/\u201eromance\u201d \u00eentre \u201eromanul\u201d ancorat \u00een realitate \u0219i, respectiv, \u201eromanele\u201d de pur\u0103 fic\u021biune (\u00een\u021belesul suplimentar de \u201elove story\u201d, pe care l-a dob\u00e2ndit, \u00een timp, substantivul \u201eromance\u201d, este, de asemenea, rezultatul unei confuzii \u0219i conduce, \u00een mod firesc, la conflict omonimic).<\/p>\n [4] A se vedea \u0219i [3].<\/p>\n \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00a0de Oliviu Cr\u00e2znic \u00cen toate \u00eendrumarele stilistice, g\u0103sim enumerate calit\u0103\u021bile generale ale stilului literar \u2013 enumerare din cuprinsul c\u0103reia nu lipse\u0219te niciodat\u0103 claritatea stilului. Cuv\u00e2ntul \u201eroman\u201d, scris ori pronun\u021bat \u00een afara unui context ori plasat \u00eentr-un context lipsit de l\u0103muriri suplimentare (a se vedea, de pild\u0103, titlul prezentelor considerente), nu permite identificarea unui \u00een\u021beles (iat\u0103, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,1625],"tags":[1120,1626,636],"class_list":["post-14590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articole","category-egophobia-75","tag-articole","tag-egophobia-75","tag-oliviu-craznic"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6DakB-3Nk","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14590"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14831,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14590\/revisions\/14831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}