{"id":14644,"date":"2023-03-03T07:25:56","date_gmt":"2023-03-03T05:25:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=14644"},"modified":"2023-03-01T23:27:59","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T21:27:59","slug":"fluturele-negru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=14644","title":{"rendered":"Fluturele negru"},"content":{"rendered":"

o istorie de buzunar<\/span><\/p>\n

de Ana-Maria Negril\u0103<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201eFluturele negru\u201d (Radu Paraschivescu, ed. Humanitas, 2010), biografia roman\u021bat\u0103 a lui Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, se afl\u0103 sub semnul clarobscurului de imagine \u0219i limbaj. Alternan\u021ba \u00eentre dou\u0103 planuri narative \u0219i jocul autorului omniscient cu cel de persoana \u00eent\u00e2i, limbajul frust, impreca\u021bia, dar \u0219i scenele duioase, suferin\u021ba, se \u00eempletesc \u00eentr-o text deosebit de puternic. Cine este \u00eens\u0103 Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, pictorul n\u0103scut \u00een 1571, la Milano, \u0219i mort la 1610, la Porto Ecole, Toscana, \u00eenainte s\u0103 \u00eemplineasc\u0103 patruzeci de ani? Este pictorul inovator, este manieristul, este precursorul barocului. Este \u0219i cel al c\u0103rui talent a fost admirat, dar \u0219i detestat. Via\u021ba i-a fost grea, plin\u0103 de primejdii, dar \u0219i de m\u0103re\u021bie, fiindc\u0103 a\u0219a era via\u021ba arti\u0219tilor \u2013 \u00a0supus\u0103 vremurilor, capriciilor st\u0103p\u00e2nilor \u0219i ale propriei lor firi. Biografia lui Benvenuto Cellini, om la fel de talentat \u0219i care i-ar fi putut fi contemporan lui Caravaggio dac\u0103 nu \u0219i-ar fi dat m\u00e2na \u00een 1571, unul n\u0103sc\u00e2ndu-se, cel\u0103lalt murind, d\u0103 o imagine destul de clar\u0103 asupra n\u0103ravurilor, traiului agitat \u0219i pericolelor care \u00eel p\u00e2ndeau pe artist. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Caravaggio din \u201eFluturele negru\u201d este transpunerea \u00een cuvinte a adolescentul din tabloul s\u0103u, \u201eBachus bolnav\u201d, pictat \u00eentre 1593-1594. T\u00e2n\u0103rul, \u00eencununat cu frunze \u0219i \u021bin\u00e2nd \u00een m\u00e2na dreapt\u0103 struguri albi, \u00eentoarce spre privitor fa\u021ba \u00eencerc\u0103nat\u0103, bolnav\u0103, \u0219i ochii tulburi ce te str\u0103pung. Degetele i se crispeaz\u0103 \u00een jurul strugurilor, care \u00een clarobscurul tabloului ies \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103, iar boabele lor aproape fosforescente, pulseaz\u0103 de o lumin\u0103 tainic\u0103. Dac\u0103 lumina \u00eenseamn\u0103 via\u021b\u0103, \u00eentunericul fondului este moartea, iar Bacchus al lui Caravaggio, portret al pictorului \u00eensu\u0219i, \u201ea descoperit moartea \u0219i ne prive\u0219te cu ochi mari, ab\u0103tu\u021bi, umbri\u021bi de panic\u0103. Nu e privirea unei zeu aceasta. Sau e privirea unui zeu bolnav, care a aflat c\u0103 se teme \u0219i st\u0103 pe ruinele mitologiei.\u201d[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201eAcherontia\u201d este fluturele cu cap de mort care \u00eei b\u00e2ntuie lui Caravaggio, personajul lui Radu Paraschivescu, \u00eentunericul viselor, este cel care \u00eel chinuie\u0219te, care \u00eei aminte\u0219te c\u0103 totul este supus pieirii, \u00eens\u0103 este \u0219i cel care \u00eel \u00eempinge s\u0103 persevereze, s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i \u00eenv\u0103luie personajele \u2013 ho\u021bii, prostituatele, be\u021bivii, metamorfoza\u021bi \u00een sfin\u021bi \u0219i sfinte \u2013 \u00eentr-un clarobscur ce aminte\u0219te de tenebrele nop\u021bii, de traversarea r\u00e2ului Acheron spre triste\u021be \u0219i moarte. \u00cengerul dec\u0103zut este chiar pictorul, care \u00ee\u0219i pune talentul \u00een slujba celui care pl\u0103te\u0219te mai mult, iar trupul \u00een cea a viciului.<\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Personajele lui Caravaggio \u00eemprumut\u0103 ceva din furia crea\u021biei, au priviri arz\u0103toare, lascive, te fac s\u0103 te temi de focul ce mocne\u0219te \u00een ochii lor, de felul \u00een care privesc spre tine \u0219i te conjur\u0103 s\u0103 le prive\u0219ti, s\u0103 le \u00eenfrun\u021bi, s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi recuno\u0219ti \u00een cele din urm\u0103 \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea, fiindc\u0103 dramaticul contrast de lumini \u0219i umbre se afl\u0103 \u0219i \u00een sufletul, \u0219i pe fe\u021bele lor. Sfin\u021bii nu sunt idealiza\u021bi, bine hr\u0103ni\u021bi, burghezi, ci sunt mistui\u021bi de acela\u0219i foc ce arde \u00een vinele artistului.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201e\u00cen fond, diavolul e un \u00eenger dec\u0103zut. La unele popoare, el ia forma unui fluture negru, cu aripile desf\u0103cute. Iar asta \u00eemi aminte\u0219te c\u0103 nu \u021bi-am mai spus nimic despre Acherontia. O s-o fac alt\u0103 dat\u0103. Acum mi se \u00eenchid ochii.\u201d[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Caravaggio este, f\u0103r\u0103 umbr\u0103 de \u00eendoial\u0103, un om al veacului s\u0103u, amestec de talent, de vise, dar \u0219i de violen\u021b\u0103, \u0219i de depravare. Intensitatea cu care \u00eenfrunt\u0103 timpul personajele din tablourile lui nu este egalat\u0103 dec\u00e2t de tumultul vie\u021bii artistului. Dac\u0103 nu ar fi avut talent, Merisi ar fi fost un scandalagiu, un be\u021biv \u0219i un curvar ca oricare altul, dar el este admirat \u0219i detestat \u00een egal\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103. Nu are domiciliu stabil, ci doarme \u0219i m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 pe unde apuc\u0103 \u0219i cu cine apuc\u0103, umple pere\u021bii bisericilor cu imagini cucernice, ascunz\u00e2nd cu dib\u0103cie faptul c\u0103 folose\u0219te ca modele oameni din drojdia societ\u0103\u021bii, unde \u00eei place at\u00e2t de mult s\u0103 se b\u0103l\u0103ceasc\u0103 al\u0103turi de prostituate, be\u021bivi \u0219i asasini.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Romanul lui Radu Paraschivescu \u00eel surprinde extraordinar de bine pe acest Caravaggio talentat \u0219i turbulent, amestec de lumini \u0219i umbre, care picteaz\u0103 cu sabia al\u0103turi, sare la har\u021b\u0103, face moarte de om \u0219i se a\u0219teapt\u0103 s\u0103 fie salvat de protectorii care \u00eei admir\u0103 talentul. \u00cens\u0103, inova\u021biile pe care Caravaggio le aduce \u00een pictur\u0103 nu sunt personajul principal al acestui roman, a\u0219a cum \u00eensu\u0219i autorul m\u0103rturise\u0219te \u00eentr-un interviu[3]<\/a>. Pe Radu Paraschivescu \u00eel intereseaz\u0103 drama, tumultul, adic\u0103 omul Caravaggio, care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103-\u0219i fac\u0103 dreptate cu sabia \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103, care este ur\u00e2t, aproape \u00een aceea\u0219i m\u0103sur\u0103 \u00een care este iubit. Merisi nu vrea s\u0103 copieze pe nimeni, vrea s\u0103 fie singur \u0219i inimitabil, \u00eens\u0103 al\u021bii ajung inevitabil s\u0103 \u00eel imite dup\u0103 moartea lui, fiindc\u0103, odat\u0103 deschis\u0103 poarta, mul\u021bi se strecoar\u0103 prin ea. Cu alte cuvinte: \u201eUnii \u00eel credeau unealta diavolului, al\u021bii vedeau \u00een el primul pictor adev\u0103rat dup\u0103 Ti\u021bian. Unii se r\u0103fuiser\u0103 cu el prin cr\u00e2\u0219me \u0219i fund\u0103turi, al\u021bii se mul\u021bumiser\u0103 cu un portret de fum, f\u0103cut din zvonuri, clevetiri \u0219i b\u0103nuieli.\u201d [4]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Merisi ajunge la Roma ca adolescent, doar cu ce are \u00een spinare, dar cu vise multe. Ora\u0219ul este preg\u0103tit s\u0103 \u00eel \u00eent\u00e2mpine, mai ales c\u0103 nu a mai v\u0103zut un pictor cu adev\u0103rat mare de ceva timp, de fapt, de la Giorgione, Michelangelo \u0219i Rafael. Doar c\u0103 el nu \u00eei recunoa\u0219te pe mae\u0219tri, nu vrea s\u0103 le vad\u0103 operele \u0219i, mereu r\u0103zvr\u0103tit, vrea s\u0103 smulg\u0103 cu din\u021bii \u0219i unghiile ce nu poate primi altfel. Lucreaz\u0103 pentru pictorul Giuseppe Cesari, apoi porne\u0219te pe cont propriu, un lucru mai potrivit firii lui. Unora nu le place lauda lui de\u0219art\u0103, a la Benvenuto Cellini, nici el nu foarte modest din fire, \u0219i ar vrea s\u0103-l vad\u0103 poc\u0103it, \u00eenchis, adus \u00een sap\u0103 de lemn. Caravaggio nu se las\u0103, amenin\u021b\u0103 cu pumnul, arunc\u0103 impreca\u021bii, agit\u0103 spada, \u00eens\u0103 \u00een taina nop\u021bii are vise tenebroase care \u00eel sperie. Atunci, se afund\u0103 \u0219i mai mult \u00een be\u021bia cu vin \u0219i dragoste. Acestea \u00eei aduc uitarea \u0219i \u00eel ostoiesc, \u00eens\u0103 doar pentru pu\u021bin timp. A doua zi, se scutur\u0103 de spaimele nocturne, ridic\u0103 pensula \u0219i o ia de la cap\u0103t, \u00ee\u0219i cere drepturile lovind cu pumnii \u0219i cu sabia.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00cen acest timp, du\u0219manii lui vegheaz\u0103, \u00eei trec p\u0103catele la r\u0103boj \u0219i \u00eei \u021bes pieirea. Este implicat \u00een procese, ajunge \u00een \u00eenchisoare, dar nimic nu-l cumin\u021be\u0219te. Viseaz\u0103 la femeia ideal\u0103, dar se mul\u021bume\u0219te cu o prostituat\u0103 roman\u0103, depl\u00e2nge o dragoste pierdut\u0103, se agit\u0103 \u0219i vocifereaz\u0103. Nu este moderat \u00een ceea ce face, iar acest lucru a jignit \u00eentotdeauna \u0219i a dat na\u0219tere la resentimente. Cere b\u0103t\u00e2nd cu pumnul \u00een mas\u0103 ce mul\u021bi ar fi dispu\u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei dea de bun\u0103voie, dac\u0103 s-ar ar\u0103ta mai supus. Tot ei spun c\u0103 ar putea s\u0103 se mai ab\u021bin\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 nu se mai t\u0103v\u0103leasc\u0103 \u00een mocirl\u0103, dar nu o face. \u00cen el sunt doi oameni, nu unul: am\u00e2ndoi cu c\u00e2te o patim\u0103, unul a picturii, cel\u0103lalt a viciului.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Roma, Cetatea etern\u0103, \u0219i Merisi, \u201epictorul nop\u021bii eterne\u201d se completeaz\u0103 unul pe cel\u0103lalt. Totu\u0219i, temperamentul s\u0103u vulcanic \u00eel conduce spre crim\u0103, a\u0219a \u00eenc\u00e2t este for\u021bat s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 ora\u0219ul \u00een 1606 \u0219i s\u0103 fug\u0103 la Neapole sub protec\u021bia familiei Colonna. Picturile sale, inclusiv acea \u201eFlagelare a lui Hristos\u201d, realizat\u0103 la Neapole, sunt pline de violen\u021b\u0103, de durere, de asasini ce b\u00e2ntuie nop\u021bile. Nu st\u0103 la Neapole dec\u00e2t un an \u0219i pleac\u0103 spre Malta, unde prime\u0219te rangul de cavaler, apoi este implicat \u00eentr-o nou\u0103 crim\u0103, \u00eenchis, dup\u0103 care ciclul se reia, pierde tot ce are, fuge la Siracuza \u0219i de acolo din nou la Neapole. Violen\u021ba umbl\u0103 tiptil pe urmele lui. De altfel, \u0219i nenorocul. Este iertat \u00een cele din urm\u0103 \u0219i s-ar putea \u00eentoarce la Roma, dar moare de malarie pe drum.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Caravaggio este o figur\u0103 tragic\u0103, tocmai prin talent, \u0219i care r\u0103m\u00e2ne tragic\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219it, dar, care \u00een \u201eFluturele negru\u201d, se \u00eentrege\u0219te \u0219i cap\u0103t\u0103 un nou suflu, o nou\u0103 via\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

\n

#Note<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Octavian Paler \u2013 Eul detestabil, O istorie subiectiv\u0103 a autoportretului<\/em>, Ed. Albatros, 2005, pag. 72.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Radu Paraschivescu, \u201eFluturele negru\u201d, ed. Humanitas, 2010.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Ciprian M\u0103ce\u015faru, Interviu cu Radu Paraschivescu, 2010, http:\/\/ciprianmacesaru.blogspot.com\/search\/label\/Radu%20Paraschivescu<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Radu Paraschivescu, \u201eFluturele negru\u201d, ed. Humanitas, 2010.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

o istorie de buzunar de Ana-Maria Negril\u0103 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201eFluturele negru\u201d (Radu Paraschivescu, ed. Humanitas, 2010), biografia roman\u021bat\u0103 a lui Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, se afl\u0103 sub semnul clarobscurului de imagine \u0219i limbaj. Alternan\u021ba \u00eentre dou\u0103 planuri narative \u0219i jocul autorului omniscient cu cel de persoana \u00eent\u00e2i, limbajul frust, impreca\u021bia, dar \u0219i scenele duioase, suferin\u021ba, se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,1625,1298],"tags":[1255,1634,1113,1626,1301,1633],"class_list":["post-14644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-critica","category-egophobia-75","category-o-istorie-de-buzunar","tag-ana-maria-negrila","tag-caravaggio","tag-critica","tag-egophobia-75","tag-o-istorie-de-buzunar","tag-radu-paraschivescu"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6DakB-3Oc","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14644"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14644\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14645,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14644\/revisions\/14645"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14644"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}