{"id":14738,"date":"2023-05-26T07:13:05","date_gmt":"2023-05-26T05:13:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=14738"},"modified":"2023-05-24T23:14:57","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T21:14:57","slug":"pledoarie-pentru-mit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=14738","title":{"rendered":"Pledoarie pentru mit"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: green;\">(pa\u0219i m\u0103run\u021bi)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">de Gelu Teamp\u0103u<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un vechi cuplu \u015fi-a croit din nou calea spre interesul public, stimul\u00e2nd at\u00e2t produc\u0163ia studiilor de specialitate, c\u00e2t \u015fi b\u00e2rfele de cafenea: Mythos \u015fi Logos. Este la mod\u0103 a exploata falia de netrecut dintre cele dou\u0103 sfere ale psihismului individual \u015fi colectiv. Defini\u0163iile oferite \u00een dic\u0163ionare scot \u00een eviden\u0163\u0103 dimensiunea de credin\u0163\u0103 eronat\u0103 a mitului, dac\u0103 nu chiar de minciun\u0103 sfruntat\u0103 sau de instrument de manipulare, perspectiv\u0103 impus\u0103 de c\u0103tre Roland Barthes. Mai ales c\u00e2nd este plasat \u00een opozi\u0163ie cu Logosul, considerat discursul ra\u0163ional al \u015ftiin\u0163elor tari, Mythosul pare ruda lui s\u0103rac\u0103, venit\u0103 nechemat\u0103 din epoca de piatr\u0103 a min\u0163ii. Nici nu mai ai nevoie de argumente pentru refuta\u0163ia unei afirma\u0163ii dac\u0103-i r\u0103spunzi cu \u201ee un mit\u201d.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen schema evolu\u0163ionist\u0103 \u015fi reduc\u0163ionist\u0103 magie-religie-\u015ftiin\u0163\u0103, preluat\u0103 de la Frazer, mitul ar apar\u0163ine, deci, primelor dou\u0103 etape, depreciate ca fiind \u201einfantile\u201d. Logosul, \u00een schimb, ar caracteriza \u015ftiin\u0163a, dar \u00een acela\u015fi timp \u015fi mintea atee, eliberat\u0103 de supersti\u0163ii. Nu e momentul acum s\u0103 intr\u0103m \u00een alt\u0103 discu\u0163ie, cea privind originea interesului \u015ftiin\u0163ific \u00een atitudinea religioas\u0103, preo\u0163ii celor mai vechi culte fiind totodat\u0103 astronomi, astrologi, medici, matematicieni etc. Dar fie-mi \u00eeng\u0103duit s\u0103 expun anumite puncte de vedere de care trebuie s\u0103 se \u0163in\u0103 seama \u00een interogarea \u015fi evaluarea mitului.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mythosul, pentru prima oar\u0103 conceptualizat de c\u0103tre greci, reprezenta un discurs de motivare pe care \u00eel rostea un conduc\u0103tor \u00een fa\u0163a o\u015ftilor sale \u00eenainte de o confruntare. Nu valoarea sa de adev\u0103r era relevant\u0103, ci efectul asupra receptorului, care reac\u0163iona la ingredientul minune, patosul. Acesta este primul punct care trebuie re\u0163inut: at\u00e2t Mythosul, c\u00e2t \u015fi Logosul, sunt dou\u0103 tipuri de discurs. O nara\u0163iune mitic\u0103 se poate fonda \u00een totalitate pe adev\u0103r, f\u0103r\u0103 a deveni, prin aceasta, Logos. Iar un discurs considerat \u015ftiin\u0163ific \u015fi adev\u0103rat se poate dovedi complet fals, f\u0103r\u0103 ca cei care-l perpetueaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie acuza\u0163i de lips\u0103 de onestitate. Acum \u015ftim c\u0103 sistemul ptolemeic era gre\u015fit, \u00eens\u0103 \u00een interiorul acelei paradigme se stabiliser\u0103 norme pentru ceea ce era acceptat ca fiind adev\u0103rat. Chiar \u015fi \u00een prezent, \u00een ciuda progresului tehnologic, criteriile veridicit\u0103\u0163ii pot fi modificate \u00een func\u0163ie de noi descoperiri.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Distinc\u0163ia dintre Mythos \u015fi Logos nu este cea dintre Fals \u015fi Adev\u0103rat sau cea dintre Emo\u0163ional \u015fi Ra\u0163ional, \u015fi cu at\u00e2t mai pu\u0163in cea dintre R\u0103u \u015fi Bun. Mitul precede ra\u0163ionamentul, la nivel intuitiv, \u00eens\u0103 nu dispare odat\u0103 cu \u00eenst\u0103p\u00e2nirea proceselor logice. Dac\u0103 mi se permite s\u0103 \u00eentrebuin\u0163ez o formul\u0103 alegoric\u0103, transfer\u00e2nd nara\u0163iunea Genezei \u00een c\u00e2mp psihologic, magma inform\u0103 \u015fi indescifrabil\u0103 a mitului zace \u00een apele \u00eentunecate peste care se poart\u0103 Duhul lui Dumnezeu, aduc\u00e2nd lumina ordonatoare a Logosului. Dar cele dou\u0103 planuri coexist\u0103, pa\u015fnic sau conflictual, at\u00e2t la nivel individual, c\u00e2t \u015fi de grup. Orice \u00eencercare de eliminare a mitului din via\u0163a personal\u0103 sau public\u0103 este nu doar futil\u0103, dar \u015fi periculoas\u0103. Ernst Cassirer observa o astfel de \u201er\u0103zbunare a mitului\u201d \u00een desc\u0103tu\u015f\u0103rile delirante ale secolului trecut, dup\u0103 asaltul ra\u0163ionalist al secolului al XIX-lea care, la drept vorbind, \u00een timp ce \u00eencerca s\u0103 extirpe mitul din anumite sfere, \u00eel s\u0103dea cu s\u00e2rguin\u0163\u0103 \u00een altele. A \u00eencerca s\u0103 scapi de mit ar echivala cu \u00eencercarea de a sc\u0103pa de vise. Nu doar c\u0103 nu se poate, dar, la urma urmei, de ce ai face-o? At\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t ai discern\u0103m\u00e2nt \u015fi e\u015fti capabil s\u0103 te plasezi con\u015ftient pe unul dintre aceste planuri, nu exist\u0103 pericolul alunec\u0103rii \u00een monstruos.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fiecare avem micile noastre mituri personale sau comunitare, iar ele se pot exprima \u00een toate ariile activit\u0103\u0163ii umane. Astfel, mitul atinge figuri, evenimente \u015fi structuri ale istoriei (Imperiul Roman, Napoleon, Stalin) sau ale politicii (Salvatorul, \u00cen\u0163eleptul), dar \u015fi ale literaturii \u015fi ale divertismentului (Regele Arthur, Superman, Elvis, Marilyn Monroe). Chiar \u015fi \u015ftiin\u0163a poate fi afectat\u0103 de mit, at\u00e2t \u00een anumite sectoare ale ei, c\u00e2t \u015fi \u00een ansamblu, dup\u0103 cum observa Popper, vorbind de mitul contextului. Iar dac\u0103 acum suntem ap\u0163i s\u0103 analiz\u0103m felul \u00een care mitul a afectat realit\u0103\u0163i mentale \u015fi chiar materiale \u00een trecut (de la imperii la na\u0163iuni, de pild\u0103), ast\u0103zi nu tr\u0103im mai pu\u0163in impregna\u0163i de mituri. Acestea pot fi stimulatoare sau, dimpotriv\u0103, distructive (s\u0103 ne g\u00e2ndim doar la formulele globalizante care, cel pu\u0163in \u00een forma \u00een care sunt definite la momentul actual, se dovedesc catastrofale).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Joseph Campbell spunea c\u0103 \u201emiturile sunt indicii pentru poten\u0163ialit\u0103\u0163ile spirituale ale vie\u0163ii umane\u201d. Integrarea mitului \u00een existen\u0163a noastr\u0103 reprezint\u0103, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, capacitatea de convie\u0163uire cu metafora. Iar metafora \u00eenseamn\u0103 nu neap\u0103rat eliberarea de biologia strict\u0103, ci mai degrab\u0103 \u00eentrebuin\u0163area creativ\u0103 a datelor acesteia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(pa\u0219i m\u0103run\u021bi) de Gelu Teamp\u0103u Un vechi cuplu \u015fi-a croit din nou calea spre interesul public, stimul\u00e2nd at\u00e2t produc\u0163ia studiilor de specialitate, c\u00e2t \u015fi b\u00e2rfele de cafenea: Mythos \u015fi Logos. Este la mod\u0103 a exploata falia de netrecut dintre cele dou\u0103 sfere ale psihismului individual \u015fi colectiv. Defini\u0163iile oferite \u00een dic\u0163ionare scot \u00een eviden\u0163\u0103 dimensiunea [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,1644,1372],"tags":[1120,1645,1089,1373],"class_list":["post-14738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articole","category-egophobia-76","category-pasi-marunti","tag-articole","tag-egophobia-76","tag-gelu-teampau","tag-pasi-marunti"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6DakB-3PI","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14738","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14738"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14738\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14739,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14738\/revisions\/14739"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14738"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}