{"id":15601,"date":"2025-01-02T07:34:39","date_gmt":"2025-01-02T05:34:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=15601"},"modified":"2025-01-04T00:37:15","modified_gmt":"2025-01-03T22:37:15","slug":"scriitorii-si-demonii-lor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=15601","title":{"rendered":"Scriitorii \u0219i demonii lor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: green;\">[Studii fantastice]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">de Oliviu Cr\u00e2znic<\/p>\n<p><strong>[S. ZWEIG, <em>Lupta cu demonii<\/em>, Ed. Eikon, 2024; trad. P. CHETREANU-DON]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Stefan ZWEIG<\/strong> (1881-1942) a fost un scriitor austriac, specializat, am putea spune, \u00een genurile literare didactic \u0219i istoric (a scris biografii de referin\u021b\u0103, precum \u0219i remarcabilul colectaneu \u2013 sugestiv intitulat \u2013 <em>Orele astrale ale omenirii<\/em>\/<em>Sternstunden der Menschheit<\/em>, 1927), \u00eens\u0103 nici contribu\u021bia sa \u00een domeniul epicii nu este nesemnificativ\u0103.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i.vgy.me\/2L8TrP.jpg?w=812&#038;ssl=1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">[Stefan Zweig]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Via\u021ba \u0219i moartea i-au fost marcate de contradic\u021bii \u0219i controverse \u2013 vom aminti doar dou\u0103: participant aparent entuziast, la \u00eenceputul Primului R\u0103zboi Mondial, la propaganda ofensiv\u0103 a \u021b\u0103rii sale \u0219i a \u021b\u0103rilor aliate, este ulterior un elogiat (\u0219i autodeclarat) pacifist; evreu nevoit s\u0103 emigreze din cauza triumfului politicii socialismului na\u021bionalist [1], este primit \u00een Brazilia cu bra\u021bele deschise, ridic\u0103 \u00een sl\u0103vi aceast\u0103 \u021bar\u0103 (\u00een <em>Brasilien. Ein Land der Zukunft<\/em>, 1941 [2]), apoi, cu o grijulie premeditare, se sinucide \u2013 nu oricum \u00eens\u0103, ci \u00eempreun\u0103 cu t\u00e2n\u0103ra (\u0219i influen\u021babila?) consoart\u0103.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prin prisma teoriei literare, putem \u00eencadra <em>Lupta cu demonii<\/em> (<em>Der Kampf mit dem D\u00e4mon. H\u00f6lderlin \u2013 Kleist \u2013 Nietzsche<\/em>, 1925; al doilea tom al ciclului literar <em>Constructorii lumii\/Die Baumeister der Welt<\/em>) \u00een stilul func\u021bional beletristic, curent literar: romantism, gen literar: didactic, specie literar\u0103 (din punct de vedere formal \u0219i, respectiv, tematic): colectaneu biografic, subspecie literar\u0103: biografie eseistic\u0103.[3]<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i.vgy.me\/2C9NI8.jpg?w=812&#038;ssl=1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">[Paul Chetreanu-Don]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pentru a se apropia de ideal, traducerile trebuie \u00eencredin\u021bate unor scriitori apar\u021bin\u00e2nd aceleia\u0219i arii literare ca scriitorul tradus [4]. Traduc\u0103torul <em>Luptei &#8230; <\/em>(Ed. Eikon, 2024), <strong>Paul[-Claudiu] CHETREANU-DON<\/strong> (n. 1985), este (printre altele!) poet, psihoterapeut \u0219i autor al unei biografii \u0219i, totodat\u0103, psihanalize av\u00e2ndu-l ca subiect pe Fr. Nietzsche \u2013 intitulate <em>A\u0219a sim\u021bit-a Zarathustra (O carte pentru cine decide s\u0103 devin\u0103 nimic \u0219i restul)<\/em> (Ed. \u0218coala Ardelean\u0103, 2021 [5]). Subliniem, aici, calitatea de psihoterapeut a lui Chetreanu-Don, precum \u0219i caracterul psihanalitic al crea\u021biei sale nietzscheene, deoarece influen\u021ba lui S. Freud asupra lui Zweig este bine-cunoscut\u0103, fiind u\u0219or de observat \u0219i \u00een <em>Lupta &#8230;<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prin urmare, traduc\u0103torului nu i-au lipsit atuurile necesare pentru a efectua o traducere de referin\u021b\u0103 \u2013 \u0219i, dup\u0103 cum s-a dovedit, a \u0219tiut s\u0103 le fructifice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Revenind, \u00eens\u0103, la subiectul \u2013 \u00een fapt, la subiec\u021bii \u2013 colectaneului:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>[Johann Christian] Friedrich H\u00d6LDERLIN<\/strong> (1770-1843) a fost un scriitor \u2013 \u00eendeob\u0219te considerat romantic, \u00eens\u0103, \u00een opinia noastr\u0103, pasiunea sa nest\u0103vilit\u0103 pentru mitologia Greciei Antice l-a purtat, \u00eentr-o m\u0103sur\u0103 semnificativ\u0103, spre (pre)parnasianism[6] \u2013 \u0219i filozof german.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fragil suflete\u0219te, crez\u00e2nd f\u0103r\u0103 rezerve \u00een poezie \u0219i \u00een \u201eoriginile ei divine\u201d, era destinat (\u201eFie cum \u00ee\u021bi dore\u0219ti tu, o, destinule!\u201d) s\u0103 aib\u0103 (\u00een viziunea lui Zweig) \u201eeroismul unui martir [&#8230;] preg\u0103tit \u0219i mul\u021bumit c\u0103 poate suferi pentru cei nev\u0103zu\u021bi, c\u0103 poate muri pentru un ideal\u201d. Refuz\u00e2nd s\u0103 renun\u021be la art\u0103 \u00een favoarea unei meserii, \u0219i-a petrecut a doua parte a vie\u021bii \u00een singur\u0103tate \u0219i nebunie, \u201eun cadavru al propriului sine\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i.vgy.me\/OdLPtK.jpg?w=812&#038;ssl=1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cu toate acestea, nu a \u00eencetat s\u0103 creeze, iar crea\u021biei sale t\u00e2rzii nu \u00eei lipse\u0219te valoarea.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fire\u0219te, Zweig \u00eei comenteaz\u0103 poeziile scrise \u00een diferite etape ale vie\u021bii, romantul[7] epistolar <em>Hyperion; sau, Eremitul \u00een Grecia<\/em> (<em>Hyperion; oder, Der Eremit in Griechenland<\/em>, 1777-1799) \u0219i tragedia neterminat\u0103 <em>Moartea lui Empedokl\u00eas<\/em> (<em>Der Tod des Empedokles, <\/em>1797-1800) \u2013 afirm\u00e2nd, \u00eens\u0103, c\u0103 nu talentul, ci idealismul autorului eman\u0103 impresionant din acestea.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen opinia noastr\u0103, elogiind firea omului \u0219i ar\u0103t\u00e2nd rezerve fa\u021b\u0103 de majoritatea crea\u021biilor acestuia, Zweig procedeaz\u0103 exact invers dec\u00e2t ar fi trebuit: din punct de vedere moral, H\u00f6lderlin nu constituie un exemplu pozitiv (dezam\u0103gindu-\u0219i constant binef\u0103c\u0103torii, amorez\u00e2ndu-se de consoarta angajatorului s\u0103u \u0219.a.m.d.), \u00een timp ce crea\u021biile sale literare au reu\u0219it s\u0103 treac\u0103 testul Timpului, fiind admirate \u0219i ast\u0103zi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>[Bernd] Heinrich [Wilhelm] von KLEIST<\/strong> (1777-1811) a fost un ofi\u021ber (cu experien\u021b\u0103 pe c\u00e2mpul de lupt\u0103) \u0219i scriitor german \u2013 \u00eendeob\u0219te considerat romantic, \u00eens\u0103, \u00een opinia noastr\u0103, ar putea fi asimilat, cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103, (pre)decadentismului \u2013, distructiv \u0219i autodistructiv (\u0219i-a distrus, de altfel, \u0219i o semnificativ\u0103 parte a crea\u021biilor, arz\u00e2ndu-le), b\u00e2ntuit de ideea dublei (om\/sin)ucideri \u2013 idee pus\u0103, de altfel, \u00een practic\u0103: dup\u0103 numeroase propuneri \u00een acest sens f\u0103cute insistent apropia\u021bilor \u0219i respinse (fire\u0219te!) de c\u0103tre ace\u0219tia, Kleist a reu\u0219it s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 visul, \u00eempu\u0219c\u00e2nd (cu acordul ei) o prieten\u0103 bolnav\u0103 de cancer \u0219i sinucig\u00e2ndu-se. Zweig subliniaz\u0103 \u0219i, deci, con\u0219tientizeaz\u0103 pe deplin discern\u0103m\u00e2ntul viciat \u0219i sugestibilitatea victimei lui Kleist; \u00eens\u0103 acest fapt nu l-a \u00eempiedicat pe biograf s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i imite \u201eeroul\u201d \u2013 dup\u0103 ce i-a elogiat crima: \u201enimeni nu a murit mai splendid dec\u00e2t Kleist\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i.vgy.me\/WEgnKJ.jpg?w=812&#038;ssl=1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">[Heinrich von Kleist]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Adev\u0103rul este c\u0103 at\u00e2t Kleist, c\u00e2t \u0219i discipolul (\u00eel putem numi astfel) s\u0103u, Zweig, sunt, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, nu sinuciga\u0219i romantici (cum s-au imaginat), ci simpli uciga\u0219i. Din fericire, \u00eens\u0103, \u00een ambele cazuri, crea\u021bia lor nu a izvor\u00e2t din fapta dezumanizant\u0103 a creatorului, ci, dimpotriv\u0103, a precedat-o, fiind, probabil, pentru mult timp (nu la nesf\u00e2r\u0219it, \u00eens\u0103 &#8230;) chiar o arm\u0103 salvatoare \u00een \u201elupta cu demonii\u201d. For\u021ba artistic\u0103 a lui Kleist \u0219i a lui Zweig nu supravie\u021buie\u0219te gestului imund (contracarat, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een acel fatidic moment, cu un anumit succes, chiar prin crea\u021bie) \u2013 cum nici ei nu \u00eei supravie\u021buiesc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Revenind la <em>Lupta &#8230;<\/em>, Zweig consider\u0103 crea\u021bia literar\u0103 a lui Kleist a constitui, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, urmarea unui erotism (inclusiv homoerotism, ipotez\u0103 nedovedit\u0103 \u00eens\u0103[8]) exacerbat\/reprimat \u0219i nu insist\u0103 prea mult asupra acesteia, prefer\u00e2nd s\u0103 se concentreze asupra obsesiei morbide a \u201emaestrului mor\u021bii\u201d: \u201eDoar demonii i-au r\u0103mas loiali lui Kleist\u201d. Elogiaz\u0103, totu\u0219i, nuvela r\u0103zbun\u0103torului <em>Michael Kohlhaas<\/em> (1808; are la baz\u0103 un personaj istoric din secolul al XVI-lea \u2013 negustorul Hans Kohlhase), drama <em>Prin\u021bul de Homburg<\/em> (<em>Prinz Friedrich von Homburg oder die Schlacht bei Fehrbellin<\/em>, 1809-1810; personaj istoric, de asemenea) \u0219i, bine\u00een\u021beles, scrisorile mortuare.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Friedrich [Wilhelm] NIETZSCHE <\/strong>(1844-1900) a fost ini\u021bial filolog, devenind apoi un filozof german r\u0103mas influent \u0219i ast\u0103zi.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i.vgy.me\/31YtIC.jpg?w=812&#038;ssl=1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201eCondamnat la a g\u00e2ndi permanent\u201d, comparat de Zweig cu \u201eacei eretici sau sfin\u021bi ai erei gotice\u201d, un \u201eDon Juan al cunoa\u0219terii\u201d, \u201etipicul aventurier printre savan\u021bii min\u021bii\u201d, \u201ecel mai clar \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 de egal g\u00e2nditor\u201d \u0219i \u201epsiholog unicat\u201d, \u201eel putea s\u0103 detecteze orice nu era pur \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103tos \u00een via\u021ba intelectual\u0103 \u0219i spiritual\u0103 a omului\u201d. \u00censtr\u0103in\u00e2ndu-se (\u201eUn om mare este \u00eempins, constr\u00e2ns, martirizat c\u0103tre propria singur\u0103tate\u201d), sfid\u0103tor (\u201enimeni nu cuno\u0219tea arta de a-\u0219i face du\u0219mani mai bine dec\u00e2t el\u201d), de lume, \u00een slujba adev\u0103rului (\u201eSinceritate extrem\u0103 \u00eempotriv\u0103 la orice\u201d\/\u201eExpune-\u021bi tot sufletul for\u021bei distrug\u0103toare a realit\u0103\u021bii\u201d) \u0219i \u00een slujba artei (\u201eArta ne-a fost dat\u0103 pentru a nu fi r\u0103pu\u0219i de c\u0103tre adev\u0103r\u201d), merg\u00e2nd p\u00e2n\u0103 la cap\u0103t (\u201ecomplet nu este niciodat\u0103 suficient\u201d pentru el, precizeaz\u0103 corect biograful; \u201eFiecare carte nou\u0103 era pl\u0103tit\u0103 cu pre\u021bul pierderii unui prieten\u201d), \u00een ciuda v\u0103ditei con\u0219tientiz\u0103ri a riscurilor (\u201eC\u00e2t adev\u0103r poate suporta omul?\u201d).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201eDegermanizat definitiv, rup\u00e2ndu-se (&#8230;) de filologie, de cre\u0219tinism, de moralitate\u201d, el \u201enu vorbe\u0219te cu nimeni, nimeni nu-i r\u0103spunde \u0219i ceea ce este \u0219i mai groaznic este c\u0103 nimeni nu-l ascult\u0103\u201d: \u201enicio editur\u0103 nu \u00eei mai accepta manuscrisele. (&#8230;) nu g\u0103sea nici m\u0103car cititori, atunci c\u00e2nd le oferea cadou\u201d [9].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen (probabil direct\u0103) consecin\u021b\u0103, \u0219i-a petrecut ultimii ani de via\u021b\u0103 pr\u0103bu\u0219it \u00een abisul nebuniei (totale, spre deosebire de H\u00f6lderlin); \u201eCel ce a privit demonii at\u00e2t de ad\u00e2nc \u00een ochi r\u0103m\u00e2ne orb\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Reconstituind (impresionant!) momentele pierderii lucidit\u0103\u021bii de c\u0103tre Nietzsche, Zweig dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te grani\u021bele eseisticii, alunec\u00e2nd \u00een romantizare; pe de alt\u0103 parte, biograful nu acord\u0103 aproape deloc aten\u021bie crea\u021biilor propriu-zise ale filozofului \u2013 except\u00e2nd c\u00e2teva considerente privind autobiografia <em>Ecce homo: Cum devii ceea ce e\u0219ti <\/em>(<em>Ecce homo: Wie man wird, was man ist<\/em>, 1888) [10].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201eAceia\u0219i demoni care-i urm\u0103reau pe H\u00f6lderlin \u0219i Kleist [\u0219i pe Nietzsche] \u00eei urm\u0103reau pe to\u021bi cei care venerau infinitul\u201d, ne avertizeaz\u0103 Zweig. \u00cen contrapondere, schi\u021beaz\u0103 un portret moral al scriitorului, savantului, politicianului german <strong>Johann Wolfgang von GOETHE<\/strong> (1749-1832) (f\u0103r\u0103, \u00eens\u0103, a se opri \u0219i asupra crea\u021biilor acestuia): \u00een\u021beleg\u00e2nd c\u0103 \u201eVia\u021ba este, de fapt, un compromis perpetuu\u201d, \u201eGoethe \u0219i-a dorit \u00eentotdeauna s\u0103 fie conduc\u0103torul propriului destin \u0219i permitea elementelor exterioare s\u0103 \u00eel influen\u021beze doar cu anumite limite, foarte bine definite\u201d \u2013 iat\u0103 secretul \u00eemplinirii (din punct de vedere artistic \u0219i din punct de vedere personal) \u0219i, totodat\u0103, uria\u0219a deosebire dintre el \u0219i \u201edemonicii\u201d ne\u00eenfr\u00e2na\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i.vgy.me\/0VD0yi.jpg?w=812&#038;ssl=1\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Concluzion\u00e2nd, atuul <em>Luptei &#8230;<\/em> nu \u00eel constituie at\u00e2t judec\u0103\u021bile de valoare oferite de Zweig (unele gre\u0219ite, dup\u0103 cum am semnalat \u2013 din cauza &#8230; \u201edemonilor\u201d lui Zweig \u00eensu\u0219i), c\u00e2t informa\u021biile pre\u021bioase (\u0219i corecte factual), incontestabilul har livresc a\u0219ezat \u00een slujba furniz\u0103rii acestora, precum \u0219i analiza din multipl\u0103 perspectiv\u0103 (inclusiv &#8230; muzical\u0103, efectuat\u0103 printr-o paralel\u0103 interesant\u0103, prezent\u0103 \u00een toate trei biografiile).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Felicit\u0103m Editura Eikon \u0219i competentul traduc\u0103tor (o traducere notabil\u0103, dup\u0103 un Zweig \u00een original, nu se face cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103) pentru publicarea acestei importante lucr\u0103ri literare \u0219i o recomand\u0103m, din toat\u0103 inima, tuturor cititorilor interesa\u021bi de istoria literaturii sau de beletristic\u0103 \u00een genere, de filozofie, de psihologie \u0219i, \u00een special, de romantism \u00eentunecat \u0219i de titanism artistic.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>## Note<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[1] Socialismul na\u021bional(ist) (<em><u>Na<\/u><\/em><em>tionalso<u>z<\/u>ial<u>ism<\/u>us<\/em>) este cunoscut, \u00eendeob\u0219te, sub denumirea prescurtat\u0103 \u201enazism\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prefer\u0103m utilizarea denumirii complete, deoarece prescurtarea induce (prin uitarea sau, adesea, prin evitarea inten\u021bionat\u0103 a cuv\u00e2ntului esen\u021bial \u201esocialism\u201d) complet gre\u0219ita idee c\u0103 \u201enazismul\u201d ar fi o politic\u0103 de Arip\u0103 Dreapt\u0103 (Extrem\u0103).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen fapt, \u201enazismul\u201d, al\u0103turi de \u201ecamaradul\u201d\/\u201etovar\u0103\u0219ul\u201d\/\u201ecolegul*\u201d socialist interna\u021bional(ist) denumit, pe scurt, \u201ecomunism\u201d, \u201eprogresism\u201d(!) sau \u201eglobalism\u201d, este, fire\u0219te, o politic\u0103 de Arip\u0103 St\u00e2ng\u0103 (Extrem\u0103).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">* Suntem convin\u0219i c\u0103 majoritatea cititorilor no\u0219tri au remarcat c\u00e2t de la mod\u0103 este, \u00een ultimul timp, s\u0103 li se spun\u0103 \u201ecolegi\u201d nu doar egalilor (cum ar fi normal), ci \u0219i subordona\u021bilor \u0219i &#8230; superiorilor(!) ierarhic-profesional \u2013 o politic\u0103 artificial egalitarist\u0103 deloc diferit\u0103 de aceea din a doua jum\u0103tate a veacului est-european trecut, c\u00e2nd cuv\u00e2ntul burghezo-mo\u0219ieresc \u201edomnule\u201d era evitat cu mult succes, iar subordona\u021bii \u00ee\u021bi spuneau (\u201ecorect politic\u201d!) \u201etovar\u0103\u0219e director\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[2] \u0218i \u00een scrisoarea de sinucidere, de altfel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[3] Spre deosebire de biografia empiric\u0103 (apar\u021bin\u00e2nd stilului func\u021bional \u0219tiin\u021bific), biografia eseistic\u0103 apar\u021bine stilului func\u021bional beletristic, deoarece informa\u021bia ne este comunicat\u0103 \u00eentr-o form\u0103 artistic\u0103. Zweig \u00eensu\u0219i precizeaz\u0103: \u201enu \u00eencerc \u00een aceast\u0103 lucrare s\u0103 \u00eei[\/le] privesc via\u021ba ca pe o istorie, ci ca pe o pies\u0103 de teatru, o oper\u0103 de art\u0103\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen privin\u021ba apartenen\u021bei <em>Luptei &#8230;<\/em> la curentul literar romantic, enumer\u0103m aici doar c\u00e2teva argumente (din multele posibil a fi invocate \u00een sprijinul acestei teze):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2013 lupta artistului cu propriii \u201edemoni\u201d, destinul patologic-damnat al acestuia \u0219i pre\u021bul suprem al crea\u021biei sunt toposuri incontestabil romantice (recomand\u0103m cititorilor, \u00een aceea\u0219i ordine de idei, excep\u021bionala monografie a lui \u0218t. Bolea, <em>Jung \u0219i filosofia umbrei<\/em>, Ed. Tracus Arte, 2019; a se vedea \u0219i O. Cr\u00e2znic, <em>Chipurile Umbrei<\/em>, recenzie, aici <a href=\"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=13380\">https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=13380<\/a>);<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2013 H\u00f6lderlin \u0219i Kleist sunt, \u00eendeob\u0219te, \u00eencadra\u021bi \u00een mi\u0219carea artistic\u0103 romantic\u0103, \u201eav\u00e2ntistul\u201d Goethe este considerat preromantic, iar Nietzsche a fost, se poate afirma, un romantic prin al s\u0103u mod de via\u021b\u0103;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2013 nu putem s\u0103 nu remarc\u0103m, at\u00e2t din punct de vedere conceptual, c\u00e2t \u0219i din punct de vedere stilistic, asem\u0103n\u0103rile existente \u00eentre <em>Constructorii lumii<\/em> \u0219i <em>Istoria romantismului<\/em> (<em>Histoire du romantisme; suivie de Notices romantiques et d\u2019une \u00c9tude sur la po\u00e9sie fran\u00e7aise, 1830-1868; avec un index alphab\u00e9tique<\/em>, Th. Gautier, 1874).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[4] Nu neg\u0103m, prin aceasta, faptul c\u0103 destui traduc\u0103tori profesioni\u0219ti, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi \u0219i scriitori, au reu\u0219it traduceri nu doar adecvate, ci memorabile \u0219i chiar purt\u00e2nd o evident\u0103 amprent\u0103 stilistic\u0103 a traduc\u0103torului.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[5] A se vedea \u0219i O. Cr\u00e2znic, <em>Masca lui Nietzsche: o psihanaliz\u0103 a Supraomului<\/em>, recenzie, aici <a href=\"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=14189\">https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=14189<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[6] De altfel, \u0219i Zweig men\u021bioneaz\u0103 interesul deosebit al lui H\u00f6lderlin pentru Parnassus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[7] Prefer\u0103m forma \u201eromant\u201d (\u0219i familia lexical\u0103 aferent\u0103: \u201eromantist\u201d, \u201ea romantiza\u201d \u0219.a.m.d.) aceleia de \u201eroman\u201d (\u0219i familiei lexicale aferente \u2013 v\u0103dit neunitar alc\u0103tuite: \u201eroman<em>c<\/em>ier\u201d, \u201ea roman<em>\u021b<\/em>a\u201d \u0219.a.m.d.) din motive enumerate cu alt\u0103 ocazie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A se vedea O. Cr\u00e2znic, <em>Roman: considerente lingvistice<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=14652\">https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=14652<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[8] Unele scrisori ale lui Kleist par s\u0103 indice rela\u021bii homosexuale; ar putea fi vorba, \u00eens\u0103, despre simple efuziuni poetice, la mod\u0103 \u00een epoc\u0103 (\u00een special \u00een r\u00e2ndurile admiratorilor Antichit\u0103\u021bii glorificatoare a trupului uman nud).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">De altfel, Zweig \u00eensu\u0219i precizeaz\u0103: \u201eKleist nu era cu exactitate un homosexual\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[9] Zweig ne d\u0103 exemplul tragic al tip\u0103ririi p\u0103r\u021bii a patra din <em>A\u0219a gr\u0103it-a Zarathustra<\/em> (<em>Also sprach Zarathustra: Ein Buch f\u00fcr Alle und Keinen<\/em>, 1883\u20131892; \u201ecea mai mare carte a secolului\u201d, \u00een opinia biografului), \u00een 40 de exemplare, pe banii autorului, pentru a fi oferit\u0103 prietenilor; nu a g\u0103sit \u00eens\u0103 dec\u00e2t 7 prieteni interesa\u021bi de un asemenea cadou.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[10] De altfel, comparativ cu biografia lui H\u00f6lderlin, biografiile lui Kleist \u0219i Nietzsche ne apar reduse la esen\u021b\u0103 (a\u0219a cum o considera Zweig, fire\u0219te), chiar \u201egr\u0103bite\u201d \u2013 a se vedea, \u00een acest sens, \u0219i num\u0103rul de pagini alocat acestora.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Studii fantastice] de Oliviu Cr\u00e2znic [S. ZWEIG, Lupta cu demonii, Ed. Eikon, 2024; trad. P. CHETREANU-DON] Stefan ZWEIG (1881-1942) a fost un scriitor austriac, specializat, am putea spune, \u00een genurile literare didactic \u0219i istoric (a scris biografii de referin\u021b\u0103, precum \u0219i remarcabilul colectaneu \u2013 sugestiv intitulat \u2013 Orele astrale ale omenirii\/Sternstunden der Menschheit, 1927), \u00eens\u0103 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,1769,892],"tags":[1113,1770,636,1382,1772,1194],"class_list":["post-15601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-critica","category-egophobia-84","category-ghidul-cititorului-de-fantastic","tag-critica","tag-egophobia-84","tag-oliviu-craznic","tag-paul-chetreanu-don","tag-stefan-zweig","tag-studii-fantastice"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6DakB-43D","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15601","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15601"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15601\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15604,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15601\/revisions\/15604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}