{"id":15886,"date":"2025-09-10T22:30:44","date_gmt":"2025-09-10T20:30:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=15886"},"modified":"2025-09-10T22:30:44","modified_gmt":"2025-09-10T20:30:44","slug":"povestea-unei-credinte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=15886","title":{"rendered":"Povestea unei credin\u021be"},"content":{"rendered":"

o istorie de buzunar<\/span><\/p>\n

de Ana-Maria Negril\u0103<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Am luat cu mine la Roma dou\u0103 c\u0103r\u021bi, dar cea SF nu s-a potrivit cu atmosfera ora\u0219ului, a\u0219a c\u0103 am citit p\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103 cartea Paulei Fredriksen, \u201ePe c\u00e2nd cre\u0219tinii erau evrei\u201d (ed. Humanitas, 2025). Ceea ce propune autoarea \u00een cartea ei sunt, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, reconstruc\u021bii, uneori fragile, alteori mai \u00eendr\u0103zne\u021be, dar toate r\u0103m\u00e2n, p\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103, ipoteze. Orice cercet\u0103tor care se apropie de aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 este condamnat s\u0103 jongleze cu b\u0103nuieli, s\u0103 accepte golurile istorice \u0219i s\u0103-\u0219i m\u0103rturiseasc\u0103 limitele.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Paula Fredriksen, professor emeritus<\/em> la Boston University \u0219i distinguished visiting professor<\/em> la Departamentul de religie comparat\u0103 al Universit\u0103\u021bii Ebraice din Ierusalim, \u0219i-a scris volumul \u00een inima Ierusalimului, unde zidurile \u00eenc\u0103rcate de semnifica\u021bii i-au alimentat imagina\u021bia:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201eSimplul fapt de a fi aici, de a putea merge pe jos p\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i \u00een Ora\u0219ul Vechi, de a sta l\u00e2ng\u0103 Kotel (Zidul Pl\u00e2ngerii) [\u2026] m\u0103 umpleau de triste\u021be \u0219i uimire\u201d m\u0103rturise\u0219te Fredriksen despre experien\u021ba fizic\u0103 care a \u00eenso\u021bit procesul de scriere al lucr\u0103rii.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00cen \u201ePe c\u00e2nd cre\u0219tinii erau evrei\u201d, Paula Fredriksen nu creioneaz\u0103 o biografie solemn\u0103, ci un tablou social \u0219i intelectual, aproape cinematografic, al comunit\u0103\u021bii cre\u0219tine timpurii din Ierusalim. Cartea urmeaz\u0103 un arc narativ clar de la masa ritual\u0103 care marcheaz\u0103 \u00eenceputul s\u0103rb\u0103torii evreie\u0219ti Pesah (Pa\u0219tele evreiesc), contradic\u021bii doctrinare \u0219i fragmentarea misiunii ini\u021biale, p\u00e2n\u0103 la distrugerea Templului \u00een 70 d.Hr. Studiul acord\u0103 un rol central Ierusalimului \u0219i, \u00een special, Templului ca surs\u0103 identitar\u0103, un punct de plecare \u0219i o ancor\u0103 pentru mi\u0219carea lui Isus, care cre\u0219te \u0219i se disperseaz\u0103 \u00een diaspora \u0219i \u00een Galileea.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A existat, \u00een fapt, un \u201ecre\u0219tinism\u201d \u00een prima genera\u021bie? Autoarea crede c\u0103 nu. Ideea c\u0103 Iisus ar fi fondat o religie nou\u0103 este o inven\u021bie ceva mai t\u00e2rzie. La \u00eenceput, nici el, nici discipolii lui nu g\u00e2ndeau astfel, to\u021bi erau evrei, iar Petru, Iacob \u0219i cei care se adunau la Templu dup\u0103 r\u0103stignire, tr\u0103iau cu sentimentul c\u0103 fac parte din poporul ales. Nu \u00een\u021belegeau religia altfel dec\u00e2t \u00een termenii tradi\u021biei lor, adic\u0103 ce se predica, faptul c\u0103 sf\u00e2r\u0219itul era aproape, iar \u00eemp\u0103r\u0103\u021bia lui Dumnezeu era pe punctul s\u0103 vin\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Un detaliu important: distrugerea Templului, \u00een anul 70. P\u00e2n\u0103 la acest moment, ceea ce numim \u201ebiseric\u0103\u201d era o realitate vag\u0103, aproape inexistent\u0103, fiindc\u0103 \u00eenchin\u0103torii lui Isus mergeau la Templu, respectau s\u0103rb\u0103torile, \u021bineau Legea. Dup\u0103 pr\u0103bu\u0219irea Ierusalimului, \u00een schimb, ceva s-a schimbat, iar Paula Fredriksen vede un punct de cotitur\u0103 \u00een momentul de ruptur\u0103 dintre sinagog\u0103 \u0219i ceea ce avea s\u0103 devin\u0103 cre\u0219tinismul.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fire\u0219te, exist\u0103 incertitudini majore. De ce, spre exemplu, acceptau ace\u0219ti primi adep\u021bi venirea \u201ep\u0103g\u00e2nilor\u201d \u00een comunit\u0103\u021bile lor? De ce Pavel a predicat printre greci, dac\u0103 totul r\u0103m\u00e2nea \u00een cadrul iudaismului? Aici, cartea brodeaz\u0103 pe marginea informa\u021biilor la \u00eendem\u00e2n\u0103, iar autoarea \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 explice lucrurile printr-o form\u0103 de urgen\u021b\u0103 mesianic\u0103, adic\u0103, nu mai era timp p\u00e2n\u0103 la a doua venire a lui Isus, a\u0219a c\u0103 era nevoie ca toate popoarele s\u0103 aud\u0103 mesajul \u0219i s\u0103 fie integrate \u00een marea transformare care avea s\u0103 urmeze.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 De fapt, dac\u0103 ne \u00eentreb\u0103m care este primul text \u00een care Iisus apare numit \u201eHristos\u201d \u0219i prezentat ca personaj divin, r\u0103spunsul nu este nici Marcu (70 d.Hr.), nici Matei (80\u201390 d.Hr), Luca (85\u201395 d.Hr.) sau Ioan (95\u2013110 d.Hr.), ci \u201ePrima Epistol\u0103 c\u0103tre Tesaloniceni\u201d, scris\u0103 de Pavel \u00een jurul anului 50 d.Hr. \u00cen ea, Iisus nu mai este omul din Galileea, ci figura a\u0219teptat\u0103 a Judec\u0103\u021bii, spune Pavel, adres\u00e2ndu-se unor p\u0103g\u00e2ni converti\u021bi din nordul Greciei de azi, care trebuiau s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 c\u0103 sf\u00e2r\u0219itul este aproape \u0219i c\u0103 Hristos va veni \u201e\u00een cur\u00e2nd\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Astfel, \u201ePe c\u00e2nd cre\u0219tinii erau evrei\u201d devine nu doar o lectur\u0103 academic\u0103, ci \u0219i o invita\u021bie de a privi cre\u0219tinismul nu ca o ruptur\u0103, ci ca pe o continuare fireasc\u0103 a unei tradi\u021bii mai vechi, fiindc\u0103, dincolo de controverse, impresia l\u0103sat\u0103 este c\u0103 volumul respir\u0103 un aer viu, aproape palpabil. Fiind scris la Ierusalim, el poart\u0103 amprenta locului: zidurile, drumurile \u0219i fragmentele de istorie pe care le evoc\u0103 dau senza\u021bia c\u0103 primele decenii ale mi\u0219c\u0103rii lui Isus se deruleaz\u0103 chiar \u00een fa\u021ba cititorului. Nu este doar o carte de teologie sau de istorie a religiilor, ci \u0219i o poveste despre oameni reali, evrei din secolul I care a\u0219teptau sf\u00e2r\u0219itul vremurilor \u0219i credeau c\u0103 l-au g\u0103sit pe Mesia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

o istorie de buzunar de Ana-Maria Negril\u0103 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Am luat cu mine la Roma dou\u0103 c\u0103r\u021bi, dar cea SF nu s-a potrivit cu atmosfera ora\u0219ului, a\u0219a c\u0103 am citit p\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103 cartea Paulei Fredriksen, \u201ePe c\u00e2nd cre\u0219tinii erau evrei\u201d (ed. Humanitas, 2025). Ceea ce propune autoarea \u00een cartea ei sunt, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, reconstruc\u021bii, uneori […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,1800,1298],"tags":[1255,1113,1801,1301,1807],"class_list":["post-15886","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-critica","category-egophobia-86","category-o-istorie-de-buzunar","tag-ana-maria-negrila","tag-critica","tag-egophobia-86","tag-o-istorie-de-buzunar","tag-paula-fredriksen"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6DakB-48e","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15886","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15886"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15886\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15887,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15886\/revisions\/15887"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}