{"id":16135,"date":"2026-03-09T11:35:55","date_gmt":"2026-03-09T09:35:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=16135"},"modified":"2026-03-09T11:35:55","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T09:35:55","slug":"biografia-unui-film","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=16135","title":{"rendered":"Biografia unui film"},"content":{"rendered":"

[pricina\u015ful de serviciu]<\/span><\/p>\n

de Radu-Ilarion Munteanu<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Filmul respectiv se nume\u0219te \u201eCet\u0103\u021beanul Kane\u201d \u0219i apar\u021bine cineastului Orson Welles, f\u0103cut \u00een anul 1941. Dar are o istorie, iar istoria acestui film e subiectul acestui articol.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00e2n\u0103rul englez, Orson Welles era angajat la societatea de radio american\u0103 R.K.O., adic\u0103 Radio-Keith-Orpheum. Americanul mijlociu poseda atunci, \u00een 1938, un receptor de radio cu doar dou\u0103 \u00a0lungimi de und\u0103. Una transmitea numai muzic\u0103 de epoc\u0103. T\u00e2n\u0103rul englez Orson Welles, imaginativ, a scris o dramatizare dup\u0103 \u201eR\u0103zboiul lumilor<\/em>\u201d, o fic\u021biune a lui Herbert George Wells, \u00een care p\u0103m\u00e2ntenii sunt ataca\u021bi \u0219i uci\u0219i de mon\u0219tri mar\u021bieni. Pentru a crea iluzia realit\u0103\u021bii, t\u00e2n\u0103rul englez angajase un vestit reporter radio, s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 dramatizarea. Publicul, schimb\u00e2nd mereu posturile receptoarelor de radio a luat de bun ce auzea la radio, iar urmarea a fost o mare catastrof\u0103 public\u0103, mii de familii americane au plecat de acas\u0103 de frica invadatorilor mar\u021bieni. Nimeni n-a r\u00e2s, America (SUA) a fost zguduit\u0103, iar Gerorge Schaffer, pre\u0219edintele societ\u0103\u021bii de radio RKO s-a trezit cu mii de procese care duceau societatea la faliment.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 I-a venit o idee original\u0103, \u00eencerc\u00e2nd salvarea de faliment. Adres\u00e2ndu-se sursei Dezastrului na\u021bional, l-a \u00eentrebat: Domnule Welles, nu vre\u021bi s\u0103 face\u021bi… film?<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cu asta \u00eentr\u0103m de-a binelea \u00een poveste…<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Iar povestea ne e relatat\u0103 de o carte: Romanul unui film, CET\u0102\u0162EANUL KANE<\/em>, al criticului de cinema \u00a0Tudor Caranfil.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ca s\u0103 n-o lungesc, autorul spune c\u0103, a\u0219a cum c\u0103r\u021bile au o soart\u0103 a lor, \u0219i filmele au una.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Viitorul cineast a c\u0103utat un subiect. L-a g\u0103sit, s-a ales cu un scandal \u00eenlocuit meritat cu \u00eenc\u0103 un scandal. Apoi au trecut mul\u021bi ani p\u00e2n\u0103 ce filmul \u0219i-a g\u0103sit locul \u00een istoria cinematografiei. Doamne, dar asta e un proces verbal, nu o poveste. S\u0103 ne \u00eentoarcem la cartea citat\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cartea lui Tudor Caranfil are 4 capitole: Orson, William, Hermann \u0219i Marion.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Primul, evident, e Orson Welles. Aici se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 arta de povestitor a lui Tudor Caranfil. Dup\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni de \u00eencerc\u0103ri de a filma, boicotat de actori\u00a0 cunoscu\u021bi, care \u00een 1940 nu aveau \u00eencredere \u00een proiect, Welles are o reac\u021bie de orgoliu. Va filma cu actori necunoscu\u021bi din teatru. Pe generic va scrie: Mercury Theatre are onoarea de a prezenta Statele Unite Ale Americii<\/em> \u00een splendida ei izolare, \u00een timp ce Europa era m\u0103cinat\u0103 de r\u0103zboi. Marele Charlie Chaplin \u00eel satirizase pe Hitler \u00eentr-o comedie cinematografic\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dup\u0103 film\u0103ri secrete, Louella Parsons, omul de \u00eencredere al magnatului presei americane, William Radolf Hearst, intuie\u0219te \u2013 \u0219i are dreptate \u2013 c\u0103 personajul filmului, Charles\u00a0 Foster Kane \u00eel reprezint\u0103 pe marele magnat al presei. Iar acesta din urm\u0103 va declan\u0219a atacul nimicitor.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Herman Mankiewicz a dat ideea scenariului, care e semnat \u0219i de Orson Welles \u00eensu\u0219i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Filmul \u00eencepe a\u0219a: Un b\u0103tr\u00e2n muribund scap\u0103 din m\u00e2n\u0103 o bil\u0103 de cristal \u0219i roste\u0219te un cuv\u00e2nt: Rosebud<\/em>. De aici porne\u0219te, \u00een film, \u00eentrebarea: ce semnific\u0103 acest cuv\u00e2nt? Ideea filmului Citizen Kane <\/em>e de a construi portretul personajului din relat\u0103ri diferite ale mai multor personaje. Fostul prieten jurnalist, scrisese o cronic\u0103 despre lipsa de talent a protejatei lui Kane. Jurnalistul din Kane a completat cronica \u00een sensul ei, apoi i-a spus prietenului \u201eYou\u2019re fired\u201d. Welles a crezut sincer \u00een originalitatea ideii sale din 1942, dar nu \u0219tia \u0219i nu avea cum s\u0103 \u0219tie atunci c\u0103 metoda fusese aplicat\u0103 anterior de un… japonez \u2013 carte \u0219i film.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Revenind la r\u0103spunsurile date la \u00eentrebarea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 rosebud, <\/em>ace\u0219tea sunt, firesc, influen\u021bate, de pozi\u021biile responden\u021bilor fa\u021b\u0103 de patronul lor. Personal, cel mai mult m-a impresionat m\u0103rturia fostului prieten jurnalist. Personajul Charles Foster Kane \u00eencearc\u0103, tiranic, s\u0103 impun\u0103 o c\u00e2nt\u0103rea\u021b\u0103 lipsit\u0103 de talent pe scen\u0103. Fostul prieten, Leland, nenorocit, \u00eencepuse s\u0103 scrie despre incapacitatea respectivei \u0219i se oprise la mijlocul unei fraze. Kane, \u00een spiritul profesionalismului pe care l-ar fi dat dezastruoasei interpret\u0103ri vocale a favoritei, completeaz\u0103 cronica \u00een aceea\u0219i manier\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 At\u00e2t Louella Parsons c\u00e2t \u0219i William Randolf Hearst s-au l\u0103sat orbi\u021bi de furie. Altfel, ar fi putut vedea c\u00e2te nout\u0103\u021bi a adus Orson Welles cu primul lui film. Una apar\u021bine \u00eens\u0103 operatorului film\u0103rilor, Greg Toland, care a folosit un artificiu inedit: o combina\u021bie savant\u0103 de diafragme \u0219i pelicul\u0103 pancromatic\u0103, inven\u021bie ulterior brevetat\u0103 personal, care face claritate simultan\u0103 pe trei planuri, de\u0219i pe fiecare plan se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 ceva.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Orson Welles \u0219i-a asumat, ca actor, \u0219i rolul principal: Charles Foster Kane.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Magnatul presei a dezl\u0103n\u021buit ini\u021bial b\u0103t\u0103lia difuz\u0103rii filmului, ca proprietar al s\u0103lilor de cinema. Urm\u0103toarele filme ale lui Welles au fost e\u0219ecuri grave. Era \u00eenvins… \u201eCitizen Kane\u201d era scos de pe afi\u0219e.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Apoi Orson Welles a mai avut succese ca actor. Nu le mai numesc.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Abia \u00een 1962 revista american\u0103 \u201eSight and Sound\u201d a publicat o statistic\u0103 a spectatorilor de cinema care plasa filmul lui Welles cel mai v\u0103zut din lume. Azi filmul e la locul lui de drept \u00een istoria cinematografiei mondiale.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[pricina\u015ful de serviciu] de Radu-Ilarion Munteanu \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Filmul respectiv se nume\u0219te \u201eCet\u0103\u021beanul Kane\u201d \u0219i apar\u021bine cineastului Orson Welles, f\u0103cut \u00een anul 1941. Dar are o istorie, iar istoria acestui film e subiectul acestui articol.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,1843,109],"tags":[1120,1845,1849,114,110],"class_list":["post-16135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articole","category-egophobia-88","category-pricinaul-de-serviciu","tag-articole","tag-egophobia-88","tag-orson-welles","tag-pricinasul-de-serviciu","tag-radu-ilarion-munteanu"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6DakB-4cf","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16135"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16136,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16135\/revisions\/16136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}