{"id":7528,"date":"2011-09-27T18:49:46","date_gmt":"2011-09-27T16:49:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=7528"},"modified":"2011-09-27T18:49:46","modified_gmt":"2011-09-27T16:49:46","slug":"romani-la-new-york-marie-marchand-1885-1961","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=7528","title":{"rendered":"Rom\u00e2ni la New York: Marie Marchand [1885-1961]"},"content":{"rendered":"

de Adrian Grauenfels
\n 
\nMarie ascuns\u0103 \u00een \u0163iganc\u0103<\/em>
\nbroboade verzi \u015fi salbe aurii<\/em>
\n\u00een fumul de \u0163igar\u0103, la o ciorb\u0103 acr\u0103\u00a0<\/em>
\nse nasc idei \u015fi teorii..<\/em>\n<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\nAu trecut 50 de ani de la moartea Mariei Romany Marchand\u00a0faimoas\u0103 pentru restaurantele frecventate\u00a0de inteligen\u0163a \u00a0boem\u0103 \u00a0a metropolei newyorkeze.\u00a0\u00cen inima cartierului Greenwich, Manhattan NY, cafenelele Mariei serveau ca bistro \u015fi\u00a0saloane literare unei pleiade de arti\u015fti \u015fi vizionari. Erau “vetre fierbin\u0163i” \u00a0pe care ea le punea la dispozi\u0163ie “g\u00e2nditorilor”. \u00cen 1901 Marie sose\u015fte in America la numai 16 ani,\u00a0direct din Moldova. \u00a0Era evreic\u0103, avea doi fra\u0163i Roze \u015fi David, familia lor se numea Yuster, mama Ester \u0163inea un han pentru \u0163igani.
\n <\/p>\n

\u00cen memoria mamei sale Marie se \u00eembrac\u0103 ca o \u0163iganc\u0103 cu decora\u0163ii rococo, e\u015farfe, \u015fi\u00a0baticuri foarte colorate.\u00a0So\u0163ul Mariei, Arnold Marchand era osteopat \u015fi fizioterapeut. \u00cen apartamentul lor\u00a0din St. Mark Place \u00een East Village \u00eencep primele\u00a0\u00eent\u00e2lniri ale boemei newyorkeze. Cu timpul Marie le extinde \u015fi\u00a0cafenele sale devin focare ale inteligen\u0163ei locale, succesul\u00a0lor este copiat \u015fi de al\u0163ii care c\u0103utau idei fecunde, polen filosofic, locuri de\u00a0\u00a0polemic\u0103 \u015fi de fierbin\u0163i discu\u0163ii despre art\u0103 \u015fi via\u0163\u0103. \u00a0\u00a0Primul local dateaz\u0103 din 1914, era la etajul 3 l\u00e2ng\u0103 \u00a0Sheridan Square, un local cu sc\u0103ri complicate, f\u0103r\u0103 toalet\u0103 \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103 lumin\u0103 electric\u0103.\u00a0Foloseau extensiv lum\u00e2n\u0103ri.\u00a0Au urmat cafenele \u00een strada Cristopher la num\u0103rul 20, Minetta Street, Washington Square..\u00a0etc. \u00cen total se cunosc 11 stabilimente conduse de Marie. \u00cen unele func\u0163ionau sobe cu c\u0103rbuni folosite la pr\u0103jitul c\u0103rnurilor.\u00a0\u00a0Mul\u0163i clien\u0163i permanen\u0163i c\u0103 de exemplu\u00a0arhitectul Buckminster Fuller, sculptorul Isamu Noguchi, David Smith, le comparau\u00a0cu vestitele cafenele literare ale Parisului.
\n <\/p>\n

Marie, despre care se spunea c\u0103 este atractiv\u0103, spontan\u0103 \u015fi generoas\u0103 devenise\u00a0legendar\u0103 \u00een Village, caracterul ei dinamic o plaseaz\u0103 \u00een v\u00e2rful mi\u015fc\u0103rii anarhiste\u00a0cu care face cuno\u015ftin\u0163\u0103 la \u00eent\u00e2lnirile cu Emma Goldman, al\u0103turi de care \u00eenv\u0103\u0163a limba englez\u0103.\u00a0Oferind mese gratuite \u015fi tribune intelectualilor locali Marie devine conduc\u0103toarea spiritual\u0103\u00a0a Greenwich Villageului atr\u0103g\u00e2ndu-\u015fi critica ziarului The Times care \u00een 1921\u00a0declar\u0103 cafenelele \u015fi ringurile de dans ale ora\u015fului ca fiind imorale.
\n <\/p>\n

Dar pe cine puteam \u00eent\u00e2lni acolo?\u00a0Pictorul John Sloan era un st\u00e2lp al cafenelelor, 23 de ani petrece \u00een stabilimentele\u00a0Mariei. Un portret excelent executat de Sloan \u00een 1920 este vizibil azi la muzeul Withney of\u00a0American Art.
\n <\/p>\n

\nO g\u0103sim acolo pe poeta Edna Millay care scrisese faimosul “Lum\u00e2narea arde la ambele\u00a0capete”, dar \u015fi\u00a0pe dramaturgul Eugene O’Neill, alcoolic incurabil, care mereu lipsit de bani era hr\u0103nit\u00a0gratuit de Marie. \u00centr-o sear\u0103 apar \u00een restaurant celebrul Buckminster Fuller cu so\u0163ia, ei\u00a0\u00a0petrec toat\u0103 seara discut\u00e2nd pasionat cu Marie \u015fi cu O’Neill, dou\u0103 personaje unice,\u00a0dup\u0103 cum decalar\u0103 Fuller. Fuller devine un client regulat \u015fi aranjeaz\u0103 cu Marie s\u0103\u00a0ap\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nal cu lecturi \u00eentr-un stil pe care \u00eel botezase “G\u00e2ndind cu voce tare”.\u00a0Lecturile au succes \u015fi atrag o audien\u0163\u0103 fascinat\u0103 de subiectele ridicate.\u00a0\u00cen schimbul meselor primite, Fuller se revan\u015feaz\u0103 redesen\u00e2nd interioarele restaurantului,\u00a0folose\u015fte vopsele lucioase pe baz\u0103 de aluminium \u015fi construie\u015fte un mobilier futurist\u00a0executat din metalul s\u0103u preferat aluminiul. \u00a0Mesele aveau forme de avioane, dar \u00a0lumina foarte puternic\u0103\u00a0displ\u0103cea mesenilor.
\n <\/p>\n

\n
\n[Buckminster Fuller]
\n <\/p>\n

\nSe serveau cine rom\u00e2ne\u015fti cu pl\u0103cinte de carne, sarmale \u015fi o cafea tare numit\u0103 “cafea neagr\u0103 turceasc\u0103”. Marie era specialista unei\u00a0ciorbe de legume cu ou\u0103, l\u0103m\u00e2ie \u015fi sm\u00e2nt\u00e2n\u0103. Arnold, so\u0163ul ei, devenise un om dificil, sp\u0103rgea vase \u00een mod deliberat \u015fi sabota localul botez\u00e2nd ciorba “supa \u0163\u0103ranilor”. Sculptorul Noguchi apare \u00een restaurant \u00een octombrie 1929. Lucra la Paris cu Br\u00e2ncu\u015fi care\u00a0\u00eei recomandase c\u0103lduros restaurantele Mariei la New York. Anterior, Br\u00e2ncu\u015fi se\u00a0\u00eemprietenise cu Marie \u015fi reu\u015fise s\u0103-l prezinte pe Henri Matisse \u00een cercurile\u00a0pe care le frecventau \u00eempreun\u0103. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu Fuller, Noguchi proiecteza un automobil extravagant\u00a0Dymaxion. \u00a0Tot \u00een 1929 trece prin Village Lionel Abel care devine dependent de generozitatea Mariei.\u00a0\u00a0Pictorul Arshile Gorky se \u00eent\u00e2lnea cu amici \u015fi colegi \u00een localul Mariei\u00a0de 2 sau 3 ori pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103. Un alt pictor, Mark Tobey, at\u00e2rna tablouri \u00een cafenea, realiz\u00e2nd acolo prima sa expozi\u0163ie solo \u015fi un punct de referin\u0163\u0103 \u00een carier\u0103.\u00a01929 este un an plin de efervescen\u0163a artistic\u0103. David Smith adoptase stabilimentele\u00a0Mariei \u015fi \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Gorky, Joseph Stella, Willem de Kooning, Stuart Davis \u015fi al\u0163ii\u00a0\u00eenfiin\u0163eaz\u0103 un a\u015fa zis “Club” din care va emerge cur\u00e2nd “Grupul abstract expresionist”.
\n <\/p>\n

Autorul Ben Reitman folose\u015fte portretul Mariei \u00een autobiografia – fic\u0163iune\u00a0Sister of the Road<\/em> (1937), script folosit de Martin Scorsese \u00een filmul s\u0103u\u00a0Bertha<\/em> (1972).\u00a0Nepotul Mariei, jurnalistul Robert Schulman are ideea de a imprima discu\u0163ii \u015fi\u00a0pove\u015fti care circulau despre Marie. Face interviuri cu d\u00e2nsa \u015fi le imprim\u0103 pe banda magnetic\u0103\u00a0pentru ca \u00een 1976 s\u0103 publice Biografia unei m\u0103tu\u015fi boeme<\/em> c\u0103reia pu\u0163in \u00eei p\u0103sa de\u00a0profituri, doar s\u0103 ofere un loc de crea\u0163ie arti\u015ftilor care vor s\u0103 g\u00e2ndeasc\u0103, s\u0103 discute\u00a0\u015fi s\u0103 mediteze.\u00a0Despre aceste localuri benefice scrie Rian James \u00een cartea Dining \u00een New York<\/em>:
\n“Ve\u0163i g\u0103si aici localnici bine cunoscu\u0163i, arti\u015fti, scribi, domni cu p\u0103r lung\u00a0care vor contesta existenta Divinit\u0103\u0163ii, doamne scurt tunse care\u00a0vor argumenta pro \u015fi contra umanismului. Dar cea mai interesant\u0103 este propietara\u00a0Romany Marie care te invit\u0103 la un menu rom\u00e2nesc, pe fond de muzic\u0103 popular\u0103\u00a0\u015fi discu\u0163ii despre \u0163iganii din Rom\u00e2nia.”
\n <\/p>\n

O alt\u0103 g\u0103selni\u0163a a Mariei era “Masa Poe\u0163ilor” la care trona poetul nomad\u00a0Harry Kemp. Acesta polemiza cu clien\u0163ii, poe\u0163i \u015fi nepoe\u0163i ca Paul Robeson, Alexander Calder,\u00a0Edgard Varese etc. \u00cen 1960, jum\u0103tate de secol dup\u0103 prima sa vizit\u0103 la Marie,\u00a0Kemp revine \u015fi cere s\u0103 fie imprimate “ultimele sale dorin\u0163e” zic\u00e2nd: “vreau ca s\u0103 fie \u00eempr\u0103\u015ftiat\u0103 cenu\u015fa mea peste Greenwich Village.”
\nBoema era privit\u0103 ca o via\u0163\u0103 tr\u0103it\u0103 neconven\u0163ional, dus\u0103 \u00een compania unor persoane\u00a0str\u0103ine, care \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163eau adic\u0163ie \u015fi acelea\u015fi vederi despre muzic\u0103, art\u0103, literatur\u0103.\u00a0Un boem era un vagabond, nomad, un aventurier.\u00a0Engleza secolului XIX descria arti\u015ftii s\u0103raci, jurnali\u015ftii, muzicienii, actorii\u00a0ca fiind boemii de la marginea ora\u015felor. Li se confereau vederi neortodoxe, antisociale,\u00a0adesea exprimate prin libertatea sexual\u0103, frugalitatea \u015fi s\u0103r\u0103cia lor voluntar\u0103.
\n <\/p>\n

\u00cen Fran\u0163a Boemian<\/em> era termenul dat \u0163iganilor ajun\u015fi \u00een Europa de vest prin Boemia ceh\u0103.\u00a0Dar America a schimbat radical no\u0163iunea. \u00cenainte de r\u0103zboiul civil\u00a0o grup\u0103 de tineri jurnali\u015fti practicau o ziaristic\u0103 cultivat\u0103, modern\u0103 \u015fi se autodenumeau Boemieni. \u00cen 1860 izbucne\u015fte r\u0103zboiul \u015fi grupa se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u015fte \u00een\u00a0toat\u0103 America \u00een dorin\u0163a de a scrie \u015fi urm\u0103ri evenimentele. Numele de Boemian devine similar cu cel de reporter de ziar.
\n <\/p>\n

Atmosfera locului, \u00eent\u00e2lnirile pasionante, figurile \u00eent\u00e2lnite acolo fac din aceste\u00a0cafenele sanctuare ale boemei Newyorkeze de la \u00eenceputul secolului XX. Marie \u00eens\u0103\u015fi\u00a0citeaz\u0103 spusele unui amic, Stefansson, care g\u0103sise o analogie \u00eentre cafeneaua Mariei \u015fi Biblioteca\u00a0Universit\u0103\u0163ii Columbia. “Acolo”, zicea ea, “oamenii adaug\u0103 volume cunoa\u015fterii,\u00a0la mine \u00een cafenea ei cunosc \u015fi c\u00e2\u015ftig\u0103 prietenii”. Marie a continuat afacerea \u00a0p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1946 an \u00een care s-a retras \u00a0pentru avea grij\u0103 de so\u0163ul ei bolnav, Arnold.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

de Adrian Grauenfels   Marie ascuns\u0103 \u00een \u0163iganc\u0103 broboade verzi \u015fi salbe aurii \u00een fumul de \u0163igar\u0103, la o ciorb\u0103 acr\u0103\u00a0 se nasc idei \u015fi teorii..   Au trecut 50 de ani de la moartea Mariei Romany Marchand\u00a0faimoas\u0103 pentru restaurantele frecventate\u00a0de inteligen\u0163a \u00a0boem\u0103 \u00a0a metropolei newyorkeze.\u00a0\u00cen inima cartierului Greenwich, Manhattan NY, cafenelele Mariei serveau ca […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,739],"tags":[87,1120,1153],"class_list":["post-7528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articole","category-egophobia-32","tag-adrian-grauenfels","tag-articole","tag-egophobia-32"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6DakB-1Xq","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7528"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7531,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7528\/revisions\/7531"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}