{"id":8988,"date":"2012-08-01T09:54:32","date_gmt":"2012-08-01T07:54:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=8988"},"modified":"2012-08-11T00:04:54","modified_gmt":"2012-08-10T22:04:54","slug":"scepticismul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/?p=8988","title":{"rendered":"Scepticismul"},"content":{"rendered":"

[pastil\u0103]<\/strong>
\noccident & orient [4]<\/span><\/p>\n

de Gorun Manolescu<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Diogene (\u015fi) Laer\u0163ios ne informeaz\u0103 despre Pyrrhon, \u00eentemeietorul Scepticismului, \u00a0cum c\u0103 [1]:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201e I. Dup\u0103 cum ne spune Diocles, Pyrrhon din Elis a fost fiul lui Pleistarchos.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

II. Apollodor \u00een Cronologia<\/em> sa ne spune c\u0103 la \u00eenceput a fost pictor, iar \u00een Succesiunea filozofilor<\/em> c\u0103 a studiat pe urm\u0103 cu Btyson fiul lui Stiplon. Dup\u0103 aceea s-a al\u0103turat lui Anaxarh, pe care l-a \u00eenso\u0163it peste tot, \u00een c\u0103l\u0103toriile lui, \u00eenc\u00e2t s-a \u00eent\u00e2lnit chiar cu gymnosofi\u015ftii indieni \u015fi cu magii\u201d.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 care \u00eent\u00e2lnire s-a apucat \u015fi a pus bazele zisului Scepticism. F\u0103r\u0103 a l\u0103sa nici o urm\u0103 scris\u0103. Ci doar transmisie oral\u0103 – prin discipoli. Iar doctrina s-a materializat ulterior \u00een a\u015fa numitele Schi\u0163e pyrrhoniene<\/em> [3] ale lui Sextus Empiricus<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tot Diogene\u00a0 Laer\u0163ios ne vorbe\u015fte despre genealogia ideatic\u0103 a lui Sextus Empiricus [2]. De unde rezult\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 genealogie exist\u0103 mai mul\u0163i medici. Acesta este un am\u0103nunt deloc nesemnificativ. Se va vedea mai departe de ce.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dar ce este Scepticismul<\/em><\/strong>, dup\u0103 Sextus?[4]<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201eScepticismul<\/em> este posibilitatea de a opune \u2013 prin antiteze \u2013 at\u00e2t lucrurile sensibile, c\u00e2t \u015fi lucrurile inteligibile \u00een toate felurile, o \u00eensu\u015fire datorit\u0103 c\u0103reia noi ajungem, \u00een virtutea for\u0163ei egale de argumentare, determinat\u0103 de lucruri \u015fi aser\u0163iuni opuse, mai \u00eent\u00e2i la suspendarea judec\u0103\u0163ii \u015fi, apoi, <\/em>la netulburare<\/em><\/strong> (s.m. G.M.)\u201d,<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cu alte cuvinte, orice teorie, fie c\u0103 pleac\u0103 de la lumi ideale<\/em> (platoniciene), fie de la date sensibile<\/em> ob\u0163inute prin posibilit\u0103\u0163i apriorice de cunoa\u015ftere (de exemplu la Kant), nu este dec\u00e2t \u2013 pur \u015fi simplu \u2013 o \u00abteorie\u00bb care nu prea are nimic de-a face cu Realitatea<\/strong>, indiferent cum am defini-o. Ajung\u00e2nd astfel la dogmatism p\u0103gubos.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La un dogmatism p\u0103gubos al oric\u0103rui \u00absistem \u00eenchegat de g\u00e2ndire\u00bb. Pentru c\u0103 la ce folose\u015fte, de exemplu, unui medic de excep\u0163ie (\u015fi scepticii la \u00eenceput, mul\u0163i dintre ei, erau medici, poate chiar de excep\u0163ie din moment ce au \u00eembr\u0103\u0163i\u015fat scepticismul, dup\u0103 cum se va vedea) aflat \u00een fa\u0163a unui caz disperat unic, ne\u00eent\u00e2lnit \u00een cariera sa \u015fi nici a altora, s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 s\u0103 tot \u00abg\u00e2ndeasc\u0103\u00bb, f\u0103c\u00e2nd tot soiul de ipoteze \u015fi ra\u0163ionamente atunci c\u00e2nd trebuie luat\u0103 o decizie imediat\u0103 de salvare a pacientului? Lui \u00eei mai r\u0103m\u00e2ne totu\u015fi la \u00eendem\u00e2n\u0103 altceva. \u015ei anume, s\u0103-\u015fi suspende, pur \u015fi simplu, \u00abjudecata\u00bb \u015fi s\u0103 dea fr\u00e2u liber Intui\u0163iei<\/em><\/strong>. Iat\u0103 ce a \u00ab\u00eenv\u0103\u0163at\u00bb Pyrrhon de la<\/p>\n

\u00abgymnosofi\u015ftii\u00bb indieni. Numi\u0163i astfel de Diogene, \u00eentr-un fel peiorativ, pentru c\u0103 nici el \u015fi nici al\u0163ii de pe vremea sa nu prea \u015ftiau de unde s\u0103-i ia. \u015ei, cred c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 recunoa\u015ftem c\u0103, pe de o parte, nici noi nu suntem mai breji; \u015fi, pe de alta, c\u0103 \u00een cazuri limit\u0103, de supravie\u0163uire – f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 vrem – reu\u015fim uneori s\u0103 sc\u0103p\u0103m. \u015ei nu \u015ftim cum.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cogito ergo sum<\/em><\/strong>: De aici \u00eencepe Filosofia.<\/p>\n

Dar dac\u0103 Suspend\u0103m judecarea<\/em><\/strong>?: De aici \u00eencepe Zen-ul. \u015ei, \u00eemi permit s\u0103 adaug, artele (con\u0163in\u00e2nd poeticul) zen care sunt absolut practice. Nu \u201epragmatice\u201d \u00een sensul pragmatismului american (Pierce). \u015ei, mai ales,\u00a0 total lipsite de utopicul poeticului occidental, a\u015fa cum voi \u00eencerca s\u0103 ar\u0103t \u00een \u015firul de texte subsumate sub titlul \u201eEste poeticul o cale de cunoa\u015ftere \u015fi ac\u0163iune?\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Poveste zen. Un miriapod se plimba deta\u015fat \u015fi fericit. O broasc\u0103 uimit\u0103 \u00eel \u00eentreab\u0103: \u201eC\u00e2nd porne\u015fti la drum, cu care dintre picioare \u00eencepi?\u201d. Imediat miriapodul a \u00eenceput s\u0103 g\u00e2ndeasc\u0103. \u00cens\u0103 nu s-a mai putut mi\u015fca niciodat\u0103.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

5.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ce faci, Bade? Stai \u015fi cuge\u0163i? No, numa\u2019 <\/em>\u015fed<\/em>! R\u0103spunde ardeleanu\u2019. \u0102sta r\u0103m\u00e2ne, a\u015fa, \u00een suspendarea judec\u0103rii<\/em> ajung\u00e2nd la Netulburare<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Iar c\u00e2nd \u00eencepe s\u0103 \u00abjudece\u00bb, o d\u0103 pe bancuri (un fel de koan-uri autohtone).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00centr-un vagon de tren controlorul deschide u\u015fa unui compartiment. Acolo \u2013 o singur\u0103 persoan\u0103, un ardelean. Ascult\u0103 Bade, dac\u0103 nu \u00ee\u0163i iei bagajul de pe culoar, te amendez. Treaba se repet\u0103. A treia oar\u0103: Bine Bade, \u0163i-am zis de dou\u0103 ori. Acum n-am ce-\u0163i face. Trebuie s\u0103 pl\u0103te\u015fti amenda. Ardeleanul se scotoce\u015fte, scote banii \u015fi pl\u0103te\u015fte. Controlorul, dup\u0103 ce a t\u0103iat chitan\u0163a: Bine dom\u2019le, dup\u0103 ce \u0163i-am zis de dou\u0103 ori, de ce\u00a0 dracu\u2019 n-ai luat bagajul de pe culoar? No, c\u0103 nu era al meu!. \u015ei atunci de ce n-ai zis? Dac\u0103 nu m-ai \u00eentrebat\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

6.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ci c\u0103 prin Rig-Veda ar cam exista unele denumiri toponimice similare cu cele din Transilvania. A\u015fa e. Am verificat.<\/p>\n

Note<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1] Diogene Laertios (1963),\u00a0 Despre vie\u0163ile \u015fi doctrinele filozofilor<\/em>, p. 444, traducere din limba greac\u0103 de C. I. Balmu\u015f, Bucure\u015fti: ed. Academiei Rom\u00e2ne<\/p>\n

[2] Ibid., p. 461.<\/p>\n

[3] Sextus Empiricus (1965), Opere filosofice, vol. I<\/em>, traducere din limba greac\u0103 de Aram M. Frenkian.<\/p>\n

[4] Ibid, p. 22.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[pastil\u0103] occident & orient [4] de Gorun Manolescu   1.   Diogene (\u015fi) Laer\u0163ios ne informeaz\u0103 despre Pyrrhon, \u00eentemeietorul Scepticismului, \u00a0cum c\u0103 [1]:   \u201e I. Dup\u0103 cum ne spune Diocles, Pyrrhon din Elis a fost fiul lui Pleistarchos.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[925,27,779],"tags":[1160,1117,28,1154],"class_list":["post-8988","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-egophobia-35","category-filosofie","category-occident-orient","tag-egophobia-35","tag-filosofie","tag-gorun-manolescu","tag-occident-orient"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6DakB-2kY","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8988","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8988"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8988\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8990,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8988\/revisions\/8990"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8988"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8988"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/egophobia.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8988"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}